Materials ki properties
Short mein jawab
Materials ki properties wo gun hain jo unhe alag banaate hain, jaise roop (lustrous ya non-lustrous), hardness (hard ya soft), transparency (transparent, translucent ya opaque) aur paani mein ghulna. Saare materials ka mass bhi hota hai aur wo jagah gherte hain. Inhi properties se hum materials ko group karte hain aur har cheez ke liye sahi material chunte hain.
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Property kya hai?
Taazi kati lakdi lohe se bilkul alag dikhti hai, aur loha taambe ya aluminium se alag. Har material ki apni properties hoti hain: wo kaisa dikhta hai, kaisa lagta hai aur kaise bartaav karta hai. Materials ko unki properties se group karna, yaani classification, humein unhe padhne aur patterns dekhne mein madad karta hai, bilkul waise jaise kirane waala masaale ek kone mein aur daalein doosre mein rakhta hai.
Roop: lustrous ya non-lustrous
Kuch materials par roshni padne par wo chamakte hain. Wo lustrous hain, aur aam taur par dhaatuein hain: loha, taamba, zinc, aluminium aur sona. Hawa aur nami kuch dhaatuon ki chamak kam kar deti hai, isliye chamak taaze kate hisse par sabse saaf dikhti hai. Jin materials ki satah chamakdaar nahi, jaise kaagaz, lakdi, rubber aur jute, wo non-lustrous hain. Purani kahaavat hai, har chamakti cheez sona nahi hoti: polish, ya plastic ya wax ki patli parat doosre materials ko bhi chamka sakti hai.
Chhoone par: hard ya soft
Patthar dabaao to wo nahi badalta; rubber dabaao to dab jaata hai. Dhaatu ki chaabi se lakdi, aluminium, patthar, loha, mombatti aur chalk ko khurocho: kuch aasaani se khurach jaate hain. Jo materials aasaani se dab ya khurach jaayein wo soft hain, aur jo mushkil se, wo hard. Ye properties tulnaatmak hain: rubber sponge se hard par lohe se soft hai. Eent (paki mitti), table aur gilaas hard lagte hain; takiya aur sweater soft.
Aar-paar dekhna
Materials transparent (kaanch, paani, hawa), translucent (frosted glass, butter paper) ya opaque (lakdi, cardboard, dhaatu) ho sakte hain, is par ki unke aar-paar kitna saaf dikhta hai. Aur padho transparent, translucent aur opaque mein.
Paani mein
Kuch materials, jaise cheeni aur namak, paani mein ghul jaate hain aur soluble hain; doosre, jaise ret, chalk powder aur buraada, insoluble hain. Aur padho soluble aur insoluble substances mein.
Mass aur volume: saare materials ki properties
Har material mein har property nahi hoti, par do sab mein hoti hain. Mass batata hai ki kisi cheez mein kitna matter hai; bhaari cheez ka mass zyada, jo gram aur kilogram mein naapte hain. Volume wo jagah hai jo cheez gherti hai, millilitre aur litre mein. Jiska mass aur volume ho, wo matter hai.
Properties se grouping
Classification har jagah hai. Rasoi mein ek jaise bartan saath rakhte hain, kirane waala masaale ek kone mein aur daal-anaaj doosre mein rakhta hai, aur dawai ki dukaan par dawaayein aise kram mein rakhi jaati hain ki aasaani se mil jaayein. Scientists bhi chattaanon, paudhon aur jaanwaron ko unki properties se isi tarah group karte hain. Bharat ki chikitsa paddhati Ayurveda saare matter ko 20 gunon se batata hai, das ulte jodon mein, jaise bhaari aur halka, thanda aur garam, naram aur sakht, aur chikna aur khurdura.
Properties tay karti hain ki kya kahan use ho
Hum material uski properties aur cheez ke kaam se chunte hain:
- Gilaas: paani rokna chahiye, isliye kaanch, steel, taamba, peetal, terracotta ya plastic, kapda ya kaagaz nahi.
- Khaana pakaane ke bartan: garmi sehni chahiye, isliye dhaatu ya mitti; kaagaz jaisi cheez jal jaayegi ya geeli hokar gal jaayegi.
- Khel ki gendein: tennis ball ko ooncha uchhalna chahiye, jabki cricket ball sakht aur bhaari honi chahiye, isliye dono alag materials se banti hain.
- Kursiyan: lakdi, loha, plastic, baans ya patthar, mazbooti, halkepan, garmaahat ya aasaan safaai ke hisaab se.
Textbook ke sawaalon ke liye dekho Chapter 6 ke NCERT solutions; poore chapter ke liye Chapter 6 ke notes.
Practice karo
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Kaunsa material lustrous hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Aluminium foil
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Kaunsi list sabse soft se sabse hard tak hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Sponge, rubber, loha
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Kaunsi property SAARE materials mein hoti hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) Mass
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Gilaas kapde ka kyun nahi banta?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Gilaas mein paani rukna chahiye. Kapda paani sokh leta hai aur use aar-paar jaane deta hai, isliye paani nahi rok sakta; kaanch, steel, taamba, peetal, terracotta ya plastic rok sakte hain.
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Sardi mein thandi na lagne waali kursi ke liye kaunsa material theek hai, aur kyun?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Lakdi, baans ya plastic. Dhaatu aur patthar sardi mein baithne par thande lagte hain, jabki ye nahi lagte.
Students ke sawal
Materials ki properties kya hain?
Wo gun jo batate hain ki materials kaise dikhte aur bartaav karte hain: lustre, hard ya soft hona, transparency, paani mein ghulna, aur mass aur volume, jo saare materials mein hote hain.
Kisi cheez ke liye material kaise chunte hain?
Material ki properties aur cheez ke kaam se. Gilaas mein paani rukna chahiye, gend sahi tarah uchhalni chahiye, aur kursi mazboot honi chahiye, isliye har ek sahi properties waale material se banti hai.
Classification kya hai?
Cheezon ya materials ko kisi common property, jaise aakaar, rang, hardness ya material, ke aadhaar par groups mein rakhne ka tareeka.
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