Class 6 Social Science Chapter 11 NCERT Solutions Hinglish mein: Grassroots Democracy — Part 2: Local Government in Rural Areas

Exploring Society: India and Beyond ke Chapter 11, Grassroots Democracy — Part 2: Local Government in Rural Areas, ke Big Questions, Think About It sawalon, Let’s Explore activities aur “Questions, activities and projects” ke jawab. Inme se kai charcha wale sawal hain, isliye neeche diye jawab model answers aur ideas hain: inse taiyaari karo, phir apne gaon, shahar ya school ke udaharan jodo. Short notes: Chapter 11 notes.

The Big Questions (page 163)

1. Panchayati Raj sansthaayein kya hain?

Ye gaon ke India mein local self-government ki sansthaayein hain. Ye teen levels pe kaam karti hain: gaon (ya gaonon ke samooh) ke liye Gram Panchayat, block ke liye Panchayat Samiti aur zile ke liye Zila Parishad. Neenv mein Gram Sabha hai, jo gaon ke saare baalig voters se banti hai aur Gram Panchayat chunti hai.

2. Inke kaam kya hain?

• local zarooraton pe faisle lena, jaise kheton aur gharon ke liye paani, gaon ki sadkein, primary school aur swasthya;
• apne ilaake mein kheti, awaas, paani ke saadhan, samaj kalyan aur saanskritik gatividhiyan dekhna;
• vikas plans banaana, jinhe Panchayat Samiti jod ke funds ke liye zile ya State ko bhejti hai;
• pakka karna ki sarkaari yojanaayein, jaise gaon ki sadkon ke liye Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, logon tak pahunchein;
• records rakhna, Patwari ke zariye zameen ke records bhi, aur local mudde suljhaane mein madad karna.

3. Shaasan aur democracy mein ye zaroori kyun hain?

• Ye shaasan ko logon ke paas laati hain, isliye local samasyaein State ya desh ki rajdhani jaaye bina wahin suljhti hain.
• Har baalig Gram Sabha mein seedhe hissa le sakta hai, aur log apne pratinidhi bhi chunte hain, isliye democracy zameeni level pe chalti hai.
• Mahilaon ke liye aarakshit seats aur vanchit samoohon ke liye khaas niyam pakka karte hain ki sabki zarooratein suni jaayein.
• Gaon waale apne ilaake ke hisaab se vikas plan kar sakte hain, jaise Hiware Bazar ne paani bachaakar kiya.
• Ye logon ko, Bal Panchayaton ke zariye bachchon ko bhi, democracy aur zimmedaari ka abhyaas karaati hain.

Think About It: purane nakshe (page 167)

Patwari ke purane nakshe dikhaate hain ki kaunsi zameen kiski thi, khet, talaab, kuen, raaste aur seemaayein kahan thi, aur gaon kitna bada tha. Ye aaj zameen ke jhagde suljhaane mein madad karte hain. Inhe aaj se milaane pe dikhta hai ki gaon kaise badla: ghar kahan tak fail gaye, kaunse talaab ya jungle gaayab ho gaye, nadi ne kaise raasta badla ya nayi sadkein kahan aayin. Is tarah ye beete samay ke baare mein batate hain aur aaj ko samajhne mein madad karte hain.

Let’s Explore: class ki Bal Panchayat (page 169)

• Gram Sabha kin muddon pe charcha kar sakti hai: saaf peene ka paani, tooti sadak ya pulia, school mein shauchalay, kachra aur plastic, street lights, khel ka maidan, mid-day meal, aur pakka karna ki har bachcha, khaas kar har ladki, school jaaye.
• Chunautiyan: paisa kam, kya pehle ho is pe asahmati, log meeting mein na aayein, aur aisi samasyaein jo akele gaon ke bas ki nahi.
• Hal: samasyaon ko zaroorat ke kram mein likho; chanda ya shramdaan ikattha karo; sarkaari yojanaon ke liye apply karo; Panchayat Samiti ya Zila Parishad se madad maango; aur jaagrukta abhiyaan chalao.

Think About It: vanchit varg (page 170)

Jo log gareeb hain, bhedbhaav jhelte hain, ya door-daraaz jagahon pe rehte hain, unke paas saadhan kam aur faislon mein aksar kam aawaaz hoti hai. Agar government khaas dhyan na de, to faisle unke bina liye ja sakte hain aur wo school, swasthya aur rozgaar se chhoot sakte hain. Democracy ka matlab hai ki har insaan barabar maayne rakhta hai, isliye unki zarooratein suni aur poori honi chahiye. Isiliye unke liye khaas niyam hain aur mahilaon ke liye aarakshit seats. (Extra: Panchayaton mein Scheduled Castes aur Scheduled Tribes ke liye bhi unki aabaadi ke anupaat mein seats aarakshit hoti hain.)

Let’s Explore: Centre aur Panchayat (page 170)

Baat	Central government	Panchayat
Ilaaka	Poora desh	Gaon, block ya zila
Log kaise hissa lete hain	Apne pratinidhi, MPs, chunte hain	Sadasya chunte hain, aur har baalig voter Gram Sabha mein seedhe hissa bhi le sakta hai
Head	Prime Minister (executive head)	Sarpanch ya Pradhan

Dono baalig voters chunte hain aur dono ki madad ke liye adhikaari hote hain. Dono alag maamle dekhte hain: Centre raksha, videsh maamle aur currency, aur Panchayat gaon ka paani, sadkein aur school.

Panchayat sadasyon ke liye prashnaavali: Aap kaise chune gaye, aur kitne samay ke liye? Hamare gaon ki sabse badi samasyaein kya hain? Panchayat ka paisa kahan se aata hai? Is saal kya kaam hue? Gram Sabha kitni baar milti hai, aur kya mahilaayein aur yuva aate hain? Sarkaari yojanaayein gareeb parivaaron tak kaise pahunchti hain? Bachche kaise madad kar sakte hain? Mulaakaat ke baad chhoti report likho: kisse mile, kya poochha, kya seekha aur kya sujhaav doge.

Kautilya ki yojana (pages 170–171)

Aaj ki bhasha mein in chaar shreniyon ko kya kahenge? Book ke vivaran ke hisaab se: har 10 gaonon wala sangrahana aaj ke sub-district mukhyalay jaisa hai, jaise block ya tehsil office; har 100 gaonon wala karvatika zila mukhyalay jaisa; har 400 gaonon wala dronamukha ek bade kshetriya kendra jaisa (Extra: aaj kai zilon se bana division); aur har 800 gaonon wala sthaniya praant ke mukhyalay, yaani State ki rajdhani, jaisa. Haan, ye kamaal hai: gaonon ke samoohon se lekar praant tak kadam-dar-kadam shaasan ka idea hamare gaon, block, zila aur State levels jaisa hi hai.

Questions, activities and projects (page 171)

1. Panchayati Raj system ke teen tiers aur unke mukhya kaam batao.

• Gram Panchayat (gaon level): logon ke sabse paas; Gram Sabha chunti hai aur Sarpanch iska head hai; gaon ki zarooratein dekhti hai, jaise paani, gaon ki sadkein, primary school aur safaai, records rakhti hai aur gaon ka vikas plan banaati hai.
• Panchayat Samiti (block level): Gram Panchayaton aur Zila Parishad ke beech ki kadi; block ki Gram Panchayaton mein taalmel bithaati hai, unke vikas plans ikattha karke zile ya State ke liye jodti hai, aur gaon ki sadkon jaisi yojanaon ke liye funds dilaane mein madad karti hai.
• Zila Parishad (zila level): poore zile ko dekhti hai; teeno tiers milkar kheti, awaas, sadkein, paani ke saadhan, shiksha, swasthya, samaj kalyan aur saanskritik gatividhiyan dhakte hain.

2. Gaon mein sadak kinaare pade plastic bags ke baare mein Sarpanch ko chitthi likho.

Chitthi English mein (jaisa exam mein likhte hain):

To
The Sarpanch
Gram Panchayat, (name of your village)

Date: (date)

Subject: Plastic bags lying along the roadside

Respected Sarpanch,

I am a student of Class 6 at our village school. I wish to draw your attention to the plastic bags lying along the roadside in our village, especially near the bus stop and the market.

The bags make the village dirty. They block the drains, so water collects and mosquitoes breed. Cows and goats eat them and fall ill. Plastic does not rot, so it stays in the soil for many years.

I request the Gram Panchayat to place dustbins at the bus stop, the market and the school gate, to arrange for the waste to be collected regularly, and to discuss the problem in the next Gram Sabha so that shopkeepers and families start using cloth bags. We students would be happy to help in a cleanliness drive.

I hope the Panchayat will act soon.

Yours sincerely,
(Your name)
Class 6, (name of your school)

3. Tumhari raay mein Gram Panchayat sadasya kaisa hona chahiye?

Imaandaar aur nishpaksh, jo janta ka paisa soch-samajh ke kharch kare; jo gaon aur uski samasyaon ko jaane aur aasaani se mil sake; jo sabki sune, mahilaon, bachchon, buzurgon aur gareeb parivaaron ki bhi, bina bhedbhaav ke; jo doosron ke saath milkar kaam kare aur logon ko faislon aur kharch ki jaankari de; jo sarkaari yojanaon ke baare mein seekhne ko taiyaar ho; aur jise apne fayde se zyaada gaon ki fikr ho.

4. Highway ke bagal mein school: bachche surakshit sadak kaise paar karein?

• Vikalp: signboards ke saath zebra crossing; speed breakers aur ‘aage school hai, dheere chalein’ ke board; school ke samay pe bachchon ko paar karaane ke liye traffic warden, police volunteer ya teachers; foot over-bridge ya underpass; ya shaant side road pe khulne wala gate.
• Madad karne waali sansthaayein: Gram Panchayat mudda Gram Sabha mein utha sakti hai aur adhikaariyon ko likh sakti hai; Panchayat Samiti aur Zila Parishad ise zile aur State tak le ja sakti hain aur funds dhoondhne mein madad kar sakti hain. (Extra: national highways ki dekhbhaal Central government ki highway authority aur state highways ki State government karti hai, isliye Panchayat ko anurodh aage bhejna pad sakta hai.)
• Bachche kya kar sakte hain: Bal Panchayat ya Bal Sabha mein mudda uthaayein; bahut se students ke dastakhat ke saath Sarpanch ko chitthi likhein; maa-baap aur teachers se Gram Sabha mein bolne ko kahein; road safety ke posters banaayein; aur tab tak groups mein, ek hi jagah se, dono taraf dekh ke sadak paar karein.