NCERT Solutions Class 7 Social Science Chapter 2: Understanding the Weather (Hinglish)

Exploring Society: India and Beyond Grade 7 Part 1 (Reprint 2026-27) ke Chapter 2, Understanding the Weather, ke har sawaal ke jawab: Big Questions, har Let’s Explore aur Think About It, Don’t Miss Out ka sawaal, IMD warning map ke sawaal aur chaaron questions and activities. Page numbers kitaab ke hisaab se hain (pages 27–44). Jo jawab tumhari jagah pe nirbhar hain, wo namoone ke taur pe diye gaye hain. Chhote notes: Chapter 2 ke notes.

The Big Questions (page 27)

1. Apne aas-paas ke weather ko kaise naapein aur us pe nazar rakhein? Har element ke instrument se: temperature ke liye thermometer, precipitation ke liye rain gauge, atmospheric pressure ke liye barometer, hawa ke liye wind vane, windsock aur anemometer, aur humidity ke liye hygrometer. Weather stations, jinme kai automated hain, tay samay pe readings lete hain, aur India Meteorological Department (IMD) inhe saalon tak jama karke weather pe nazar rakhta hai. Tum khud bhi nazar rakh sakte ho, thermometer ya ghar pe bane rain gauge ko roz ek hi samay pe padhkar.

2. Weather ke andaaze bhaari baarish, toofaan, sookhe aur heat wave ke liye taiyaar hone mein kaise madad karte hain? Ye kadam uthaane ka samay dete hain. Bhaari baarish se pehle naaliyan saaf ki ja sakti hain aur neeche ke ilaakon se log hataaye ja sakte hain; toofaan ya cyclone se pehle machhuaare kinaare pe rukte hain aur tat khaali karaaye ja sakte hain; kam baarish ka andaaza kisaanon ko fasal chunne aur sookhe ke liye paani bachaane mein madad karta hai; aur heat wave ki chetaavni logon ko dopahar ki dhoop se bachne aur paani peete rehne, schoolon ko samay badalne aur aspataalon ko taiyaar rehne ka sanket deti hai.

Let’s Explore (page 28)

Apni bhaasha mein weather ke shabd. Hindi ke kuch namoone: garmi, sardi ya thand, umas (chipchipi nam garmi), loo (garmiyon ki garam, dhool bhari hawa), kohra, paala, baarish aur aandhi. Bangla mein kalbaishakhi basant ke achaanak aane waale tez toofaanon ka naam hai. Ghar pe apni bhaasha ke shabd poocho.

Think About It (page 29)

Krishnan, Amir ko kaise samjhaaye ki kitni thand hai? Naapkar. “Thand” is pe nirbhar hai ki kaun kis mausam ka aadi hai, par thermometer aur sabki maani hui scale pe padha 20°C jaisa temperature dono ke liye ek hi matlab rakhta hai.

Let’s Explore (page 29)

Weather ko theek-theek naapne ki aur wajahein. Kuch ghante ya din pehle weather jaanne se ye tay karne mein madad milti hai ki kab buvaai, sinchaai ya katai karein; machhli pakadne ki naavein ja sakti hain ya nahi; udaan, rail aur sadak ka safar; school trip, match aur shaadiyan; aur kapde ya anaaj kab sukhaayein. Sateek records heat wave, baadh aur cyclone ki chetaavni bhi dete hain, aur dikhate hain ki saalon mein kisi jagah ka weather kaise badal raha hai.

Let’s Explore (page 30)

Bade-buzurgon se poocho ki wo weather ka andaaza kaise lagaate hain. Jawab alag-alag honge. Log aksar ye ishaare batate hain: cheentiyon ka ande oonchi jagah le jaana, mendhakon ka zor se tarrana, dragonfly ya panchhiyon ka neeche udna, moron ka bolna, chaand ke chaaron or ghera, aur ek ruki, bhaari dopahar mein baadalon ka jamna. Jo kahaawatein suno, likh lo. Angrezi mein ek mashhoor kahaawat kehti hai ki shaam ka laal aasmaan achhe mausam ka aur subah ka laal aasmaan bigadte mausam ka sanket hai.

Don’t Miss Out (page 32)

Suraj se baarish kyun paida hoti hai? Suraj samudra, jheelon, nadiyon aur zameen ko garam karta hai, aur paani bhaap banke hawa mein jaata hai. Nam hawa upar uthkar thandi hoti hai, bhaap baadal banti hai, aur boondein badi hokar baarish banke girti hain. Suraj ki asamaan garmi pressure ke wo farq bhi banaati hai jo hawaon ko chalaate hain, monsoon ki hawaon samet, jo samudra se nami lekar India pe laati hain. Suraj ke bina baarish nahi, aur jaisa IMD ka motto aage kehta hai, na anaaj na jeevan.

Let’s Explore (pages 32–33)

Madhya Pradesh ke ek shehar ka temperature chart. Hafte ka maximum temperature 32°C (3 March 2025) aur minimum 14°C (5 March 2025) hai. Hafte ki range 32 − 14 = 18°C hai. (Har din ki apni range 13 se 15°C hai, jaise 28 February ko 29 − 16 = 13°C.)

Krishnan 20°C batakar thodi thand ki baat kare, to Amir kya kahega? Amir ke chehre pe shaayad muskaan aa jaaye: Kashmir mein sardi ke din aksar 0°C ke aas-paas ya usse neeche hote hain, isliye 20°C use suhaana lagega. Par ab dono theek-theek jaante hain ki Chennai kitna garam hai.

Precipitation (page 33)

Ek din mein 30 mm baarish ka kya matlab hai? Us din giri baarish, agar na zameen mein jaaye, na bahe, na sookhe, to samtal zameen pe 30 mm, yaani 3 cm, gehri parat banaati. Ise rain gauge se naapte hain.

Let’s Explore (page 34)

Rain gauge banao aur hafte ki baarish ki tulna karo. Ek saaf, seedhe kinaare waali botal ya jar lo jiska munh uske pet jitna chauda ho, taaki padhi gayi gehraai asli baarish ho (zyaada chaude funnel se scale badalna padega). Neeche se millimetre scale chipkao, use bhaari karo taaki gire nahi, aur khule mein, samtal zameen pe, pedon aur deewaron se door rakho. Roz ek hi samay pe padho, phir khaali kar do. Har hafte ki saat readings jodkar 7 se bhaag do. Ek namoona hafta: 0, 4, 12, 0, 0, 6 aur 3 mm milkar 25 mm, yaani lagbhag 3.6 mm roz. Hafte-dar-hafte baarish aksar kaafi badalti hai, kyunki baarish daur mein aati hai aur beech mein sookhe din hote hain.

Think About It (page 35)

Atmospheric pressure naapna kyun zaroori hai, aur readings kaun use karta hai? Girta barometer depression ki chetaavni deta hai, jo toofaan ya cyclone la sakta hai, aur pressure ke farq hawa chalaate hain, isliye forecasting mein pressure bahut ahem hai. Meteorologists aur IMD, pilot, naavik aur machhuaare, oonchaai pe parvataarohi aur sainik, aur aapda prabandhan adhikaari, sab ise use karte hain. (Extra: hawai jahaaz ka altimeter oonchaai hawa ke pressure se nikaalta hai.)

Khardung La, lagbhag 650 millibar. Ye tat ke 1013 mb ka lagbhag do-tihaai hai, isliye har saans mein lagbhag ek-tihaai kam oxygen aati hai. Isiliye yaatriyon ko kai padaavon mein upar jaane ko kaha jaata hai: shareer ko acclimatise hone mein kuch din lagte hain.

Think About It (page 36)

Hawa mein udte beej: hawa na ho to kya hoga? Tasveeron jaise beejon mein rui jaise baal ya halke pankh hote hain, jinhe hawa paudhe se door le jaati hai. Hawa na ho to wo paudhe ke paas hi giren, bheed mein ugen aur roshni, paani aur jagah ke liye aapas mein hod karen, aur paudha nayi jagahon tak na phail paaye.

Let’s Explore (page 37)

Kochi ya Jaipur: humidity kahan zyaada hogi? Shaayad Kochi mein, jo tat pe hai, jahan samudra ka paani bhaap banta hai aur baarish bhaari hoti hai; Jaipur andar, Thar Desert ke paas, aur zyaadatar sookha hai. Pakka jaanne ke liye dono shehron mein kai dinon tak ek hi samay pe hygrometer se relative humidity naapo, ya IMD ke records milaao. Kochi aur Mangaluru dono tat pe hain, isliye andaaza mushkil hai; ek hi taareekh aur samay ki readings ya unke average milaao.

Think About It (page 38)

Delhi 52 percent, Kochi 84 percent. Geele kapde Delhi mein jaldi sookhenge, kyunki wahan ki sookhi hawa bhaap aasaani se le leti hai. Paseena Kochi mein zyaada aayega: nam hawa mein paseena dheere sookhta hai, isliye twacha pe tika rehta hai aur kam thandak deta hai.

Let’s Explore (page 41)

Jahan weather ke andaaze kaam aate hain. Ek namoona list, shreniyon mein:

• Kheti: kab boyein, seenchein, dawa chhidkein ya kaatein, aur rakha anaaj kaise bachaayein.
• Machhli aur jahaazrani: naavein surakshit ja sakti hain ya nahi.
• Safar: udaan, rail aur sadak, khaas kar pahaadon mein.
• Aapda: cyclone, baadh, bhooskhalan, heat wave aur cold wave ki taiyaari.
• Sehat: logon ko loo lagne aur thand se bachaana.
• Roz ki zindagi: kapde, chhaata aur kapde sukhaana.
• School, khel aur aayojan: school ka samay, match, mele aur shaadiyan.
• Sevaayein aur kaam: bijli aur paani ki supply, nirmaan aur bahar ka kaam, paryatan aur parvataarohan.

19 May 2024 ke IMD map pe sawaal.

• Us din kya ho raha tha, aur IMD kin cheezon ki chetaavni de raha tha? North-west aur north India heat wave ki chapet mein tha, jabki door south aur north-east mein toofaan ke saath bhaari baarish thi, aur baaki zyaadatar hisson mein bijli aur garaj ka andaaza tha. Chetaavniyan heat wave, bijli aur garaj, bhaari aur bahut bhaari baarish, tez hawa, aur garam, umas bhare mausam ki thin.
• Kin rajyon mein chetaavni ke sanket hain? Laal mein (warning: kadam uthaaiye): Punjab; Haryana, Chandigarh aur Delhi; west Rajasthan; Kerala; aur Tamil Nadu. Orange mein (alert: taiyaar rahiye): east Rajasthan, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, south interior Karnataka, aur Assam aur Meghalaya. Lagbhag har baaki rajya icons ke saath peele watch mein hai.
• Kaunse hisse gambheer weather se bach sakte hain? Koi ilaaka hara nahi, isliye har hisse mein kuch na kuch nazar rakhne laayak hai. Peele ilaake, jaise central India ka bada hissa, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Jharkhand, West Bengal, uttar ke pahaadi rajya aur dweep, sabse kam gambheer weather ki ummeed rakhte hain, zyaadatar toofaan.
• Kin rajyon mein heat wave ki sambhaavna hai? Heat wave ke icons Punjab, Haryana ke saath Chandigarh aur Delhi, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh aur dakshini West Bengal pe hain; sabse gambheer, laal mein, Punjab, Haryana aur Delhi, aur west Rajasthan hain.
• Tripura aur Lakshadweep mein chetaavni ki wajah kya hai? Lakshadweep: bijli aur garaj ke saath bhaari baarish. Tripura: bijli ke saath toofaan, jabki padosi Assam aur Meghalaya bahut bhaari baarish ke alert pe the. Dono peele, yaani watch mein hain.

Questions and activities (pages 42–43)

1. Instrument ko us element se milao jise wo naapta hai.

• (1) Hygrometer: (d) humidity
• (2) Anemometer: (c) hawa ki disha aur speed
• (3) Barometer: (b) atmospheric pressure
• (4) Thermometer: (e) temperature
• (5) Rain gauge: (a) precipitation

Sach kahein to cup anemometer hawa ki speed deta hai; uske saath laga wind vane disha batata hai.

2. June mein Mumbai trip ke liye Jyotsna ko salaah (29°C, 84 percent humidity). Mausam garam aur bahut nam hoga, aur June mein hi monsoon Mumbai pahunchta hai. Halke, dheele cotton ke kapde lo jinme paseena sookh sake, kuch extra jode kyunki cheezein der se sookhti hain, chhaata ya raincoat, aur aise sandal ya joote jo bheeg sakein. Oonee aur bhaari kapde ghar pe chhodo, aur paani ki botal saath rakho.

3. Rain gauge ke liye jagah chunna. Sabse sahi jagah 3, khuli zameen pe ooncha chabootra hai: upar aasmaan khula hai, kuch bhi baarish nahi rokta ya usme nahi tapakta, chabootra use samtal aur sthir rakhta hai aur zameen ke chheente andar nahi jaane deta, aur roz wahan pahunchna aasaan hai. Sabzi ka bageecha theek nahi, kyunki paudhe aur sinchaai paani badhaate ya rokte hain aur mitti uchhalti hai; chhat chal sakti hai, par imaarat hawa ko bigaadti hai aur munder gauge ko dhak sakti hai; chaardiwaari patli aur asthir hai, aur deewaar khud ek taraf ki baarish rokti hai; aur verandah ki chhat baarish ko andar aane hi nahi deti.

4. Jammu aur Kashmir ki weather report, 1 February 2024 (shaam). Ek namoona script:

“Namaskar. Aaj poori Kashmir ghaati mein thanda, geela aur barfeela din raha. Din ka temperature har jagah saamaanya se kaafi neeche raha: Srinagar sirf 6.5°C tak pahuncha, saamaanya se 2.4 degree kam, Qazigund 3.2°C, poore 5.3 degree kam, aur Gulmarg −2.6°C se upar nahi gaya. Raatein aam se thodi kam thandi thin, Srinagar ka minimum 0.2°C, par Gulmarg −7.6°C ke saath sabse thanda raha. Din ki range chhoti rahi, lagbhag 3 se 6 degree: Srinagar mein 6.3°C aur Qazigund mein 3.6°C. Aaj subah 8:30 tak ke 24 ghanton mein Qazigund mein 36.2 mm baarish aur 22 cm barf, Kukernag mein 35.2 mm aur 30 cm, aur Gulmarg mein 35.2 mm ke saath 35 cm taaza barf giri, jabki Pahalgam mein 23 cm barf aur Srinagar mein 13.4 mm baarish aur 2.4 cm barf giri. Din mein aur baarish aur barf giri, haalaanki Srinagar mein bas naam bhar. Hawa bahut nam rahi, relative humidity 76 se 100 percent ke beech. Sambhalkar chalaaiye aur garam rahiye.”