Stars aur constellations kya hain?

Taara kya hai?

Saaf raat mein hume kai taare dikhte hain; kuch chamakdaar aur kuch dhundhle. Taare apni roshni se chamakte hain. Sun bhi ek taara hai, hamare sabse paas waala: gases ka bahut garam gola. Baaki taare chhote bindu jaise sirf isliye dikhte hain kyunki ve bahut door hain, bhale hi unme se kuch Sun se kahin bade hain.

Taaron mein patterns

Raat ke aasmaan ko thodi der dekho to taaron ke kuch samooh koi shape banaate lagte hain, jaise drawing mein bindu jode gaye hon. Bahut pehle taare dekhna logon ka pasandeeda shauk tha, aur unhone in patterns ko jaanwaron, cheezon ya kahaniyon ke kirdaaron se joda. Alag-alag sanskritiyon ne inhe alag naam diye. In kaalpanik shapes se taare pehchaanna aasaan ho gaya.

Ye patterns kaam ke bhi the. Aadhunik technology se pehle, aur magnetic compass se bhi pehle, taare pehchaan ke log, khaaskar naavik aur musaafir, samudra ya zameen pe disha dhoondhte the. Kabhi taare Ladakh ke Nubra se guzarte kaafilon ko raasta dikhaate the, aur emergency mein taaron ke patterns aaj bhi backup tareeka hain.

88 constellations

Pattern banaate taaron ke samoohon ko constellations kaha jaata tha. Kyunki alag sanskritiyon ne aasmaan ko alag tarah baanta tha, bees-vi sadi ki shuruaat mein International Astronomical Union (IAU) ne ek jaisi seemaayein tay keen aur 88 constellations ki list banaayi, yaani poora aasmaan 88 hisson mein bata. Aaj constellation inme se ek hissa hai, par ye shabd unke andar ke chamakdaar patterns ke liye bhi aam taur pe bola jaata hai.

Orion, Taurus aur Canis Major

Orion ko aksar ek shikaari socha jaata hai. Beech mein ek chhoti seedhi line mein teen taare uski belt hain. Kuch log sochte hain ki Orion, apne kutte (Canis Major) ke saath, ek bail (Taurus) se lad raha hai. India mein Orion December se April tak, sooraj dhalne ke baad, sabse aasaani se dikhta hai. Sirius, raat ke sabse chamakdaar taare, ko dhoondhne ke liye pehle belt dhoondho, phir uske teen taaron se hoti line ke saath east ki taraf chalo.

Nakshatra

Bharatiya khagol-vigyaan mein nakshatra koi khaas taara ya taaron ka samooh hai:

Nakshatra	Kya hai	Constellation
Ardra	taara Betelgeuse	Orion
Krittika	taara-samooh Pleiades	Taurus
Rohini	taara Aldebaran	Taurus

Big Dipper aur Pole Star

Big Dipper, jise India mein Saptarishi kehte hain, Ursa Major constellation mein saat taaron ka pattern hai; Little Dipper Ursa Minor mein hai. Little Dipper ke sire pe Pole Star (Dhruva tara) North mein lagbhag tika dikhta hai, jo northern hemisphere mein North dhoondhne mein madad karta hai. Ise dhoondhne ke liye garmiyon mein raat lagbhag 9 baje North ki taraf dekho aur Big Dipper pehchaano. Uske cup ke aakhri do taare pointers hain: unse hoti line ko unke beech ki doori se lagbhag paanch guna aage le jao, to ek zyaada chamakdaar nahi waala taara milega. Wahi Pole Star hai.

Taaron ki kahaniyan

India ke kai jungle mein rehne waale samudaayon aur janjaatiyon ki apni kahaniyan hain. Central India ki janjaatiyan Big Dipper ke lagbhag rectangle banaate chaar taaron ko “naani ki khaat” dekhti hain, aur baaki teen taaron ko use churaate chor. Konkan ke machhuaare in chaar taaron ko ek naav dekhte hain, aur aakhri teen taaron ko naav ki gardan.

Khud dhoondho

Har taara ya constellation har jagah se har raat nahi dikhta; jaise, Pole Star southern hemisphere se nahi dikhta. Patterns ki tasveeron aur sky-map app se pata karo ki kab aur kahan dekhna hai, kisi bade ke saath saaf, bina chaand waali raat mein andheri khuli jagah jao, aur aankhon ko aadat padne ke liye lagbhag aadha ghanta ruko. Aage padho solar system ke planets.