Class 6 Science Chapter 12: Beyond Earth (Hinglish Notes)
Ye chapter 5 lines mein
Dharti ke paar, raat ka aasmaan taaron se bhara hai, jo apni roshni se chamakte hain. Taaron ke jo samooh koi pattern banaate dikhte hain, aur unke aas-paas ka aasmaan, constellations kehlaate hain; poora aasmaan 88 constellations mein bata hai. Pole Star North mein lagbhag tika rehta hai aur disha batata hai. Sun hamara sabse paas ka taara hai. Sun, aath planets, unke moons, asteroids aur comets milkar Solar System banaate hain, jo Milky Way Galaxy ka hissa hai.
Nubra ke raat ke aasmaan ke neeche
Yangdol aur uska judwa bhai Dorjay Ladakh ke Nubra mein rehte hain. Wahan mausam lagbhag bina baadal ka rehta hai aur hawa ya roshni ka pradooshan na ke barabar hai, isliye zyaadatar raaton mein aasmaan hazaaron taaron se jagmagaata hai. Unke bade unhe bataate hain ki kaise kuch taare kabhi Nubra se guzarte kaafilon ko raasta dikhaate the. Unki tarah hum bhi taaron mein patterns dhoondh ke unhe kaalpanik lines se jod sakte hain, jaise Activity 12.1 mein.
Taare aur constellations
Taare apni roshni se chamakte hain; kuch chamakdaar aur kuch dhundhle dikhte hain. Bahut pehle log taaron ke samoohon ko jaanwaron, cheezon ya kahaniyon ke kirdaaron se jodte the, aur in shapes se taare pehchaanna aasaan hota tha. Magnetic compass se pehle taaron ke patterns naavikon aur musaafiron ko disha dhoondhne mein madad karte the, aur emergency mein ye aaj bhi backup hain. Aise samoohon ko constellations kaha gaya. Bees-vi sadi ki shuruaat mein International Astronomical Union (IAU) ne poore aasmaan ko 88 hisson mein baanta, jo ab constellations hain.
Orion ko ek shikaari ki tarah socha jaata hai, jiski belt ek line mein teen taare hain; uske peeche uska kutta, Canis Major, aur saamne ek bail, Taurus. Canis Major mein Sirius hai, raat ke aasmaan ka sabse chamakdaar taara. Bharatiya khagol-vigyaan mein nakshatra ek taara ya taaron ka samooh hai: Ardra (Orion ka Betelgeuse), Krittika (Taurus ke Pleiades) aur Rohini (Taurus ka Aldebaran). Aur padho stars aur constellations kya hain mein.
Pole Star aur Big Dipper
Big Dipper (Saptarishi), Ursa Major constellation mein, aur Little Dipper, Ursa Minor mein, do aasaan patterns hain. Little Dipper ke sire pe Pole Star (Dhruva tara) North mein lagbhag tika dikhta hai, isliye northern hemisphere mein ye North dhoondhne mein madad karta hai. Ise dhoondhne ke liye Big Dipper ke cup ke aakhri do taaron ki line ko unke beech ki doori se lagbhag paanch guna aage le jao. Central India ki janjaatiyan Big Dipper ke chaar taaron ko “naani ki khaat” dekhti hain jise teen chor chura rahe hain, aur Konkan ke machhuaare unhe ek naav dekhte hain.
Raat ka aasmaan dekhna
Bade shaharon mein light pollution (raat mein zaroorat se zyaada artificial roshni), dhuen aur dhool ki wajah se kuch hi taare dikhte hain, aur oonchi imaaratein aur ped bhi nazar rok dete hain. Har taara har jagah se har raat nahi dikhta: jaise, Pole Star southern hemisphere se nahi dikhta. Sky Map aur Stellarium jaise sky-map apps batate hain ki kya aur kahan dekhna hai. Sirf kisi bade ke saath andheri, khuli jagah jao, saaf aur bina chaand waali raat chuno, aur aankhon ko andhere ki aadat padne ke liye lagbhag aadha ghanta ruko.
Sun, hamara taara
Sun ek taara hai: gases ka bahut garam, gol gola aur hamare sabse paas ka taara. Ye diameter mein Dharti se lagbhag 100 guna bada hai aur lagbhag 15 crore km (150 million km) door hai; ye doori lagbhag ek astronomical unit (au) hai. Iski garmi aur roshni se Dharti pe jeevan sambhav hai, aur yahi mausam, ritu, hawaayein aur water cycle chalaata hai. Baaki taare bindu jaise isliye dikhte hain kyunki ve kahin zyaada door hain; Sun ke baad sabse paas ka taara, Proxima Centauri, lagbhag 2,69,000 au door hai. Din mein Sun itna chamakdaar hota hai ki baaki taare nahi dikhte.
Planets
Planet ek bada, lagbhag gol object hai jo Sun ki parikrama (revolution) karta hai. Dharti ko ek chakkar mein lagbhag ek saal lagta hai, aur ye apni dhuri pe lagbhag 24 ghante mein ek baar ghoomti hai, jo ek din hai. Sun se kram mein aath planets hain Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus aur Neptune. Andar ke chaar chhote aur pathreeli satah waale hain; bahar ke chaar kahin bade, zyaadatar gas aur barf ke aur rings waale hain. Sabse chamakdaar planet Venus ko Morning ya Evening Star kehte hain; Mars Red Planet hai; Earth Blue Planet. 2006 se Pluto ko dwarf planet kehte hain. Aur padho solar system ke planets mein.
Moon, asteroids aur comets
Jo objects planets ke chaaron taraf ghoomte hain, ve satellites hain; moons natural satellites hain. Dharti ka ek Moon hai aur Mars ke do. Moon lagbhag 3,84,000 km door hai, Dharti ka chakkar lagbhag 27 din mein lagaata hai, Dharti ke diameter ka lagbhag chauthaai hai, uspe hawa na ke barabar hai, aur uski satah takkaron se bane craters se bhari hai. India ka Chandrayaan-3 23 August 2023 ko Moon ke south pole ke paas utra, aur ye din ab National Space Day hai. Asteroids chhote, pathreele aur bedaul objects hain, kai Mars aur Jupiter ke beech asteroid belt mein. Comets dhool, gases, pathar aur barf ke bane hote hain aur Sun ke paas inki poonchh banti hai; Halley’s Comet lagbhag har 76 saal mein lautta hai. Aur padho Moon, asteroid aur comet kya hain mein.
Milky Way aur Universe
Bina chaand waali raat mein bahut andheri jagah se aasmaan ke aar-paar roshni ki ek halki patti dikhti hai. Ye hamari apni galaxy, Milky Way Galaxy ya Akash Ganga hai, aur hamara Solar System iska hissa hai. Ek galaxy mein laakhon se arabon taare hote hain, aur Universe mein kai aur galaxies hain. Abhi hum nahi jaante ki kahin aur jeevan hai ya nahi; vaigyanik khoj rahe hain, zyaadatar exoplanets pe, yaani doosre taaron ke chakkar lagaane waale planets. Ladakh mein December 2022 mein Hanle Dark Sky Reserve ghoshit hua, jo Indian Astronomical Observatory ke aas-paas ke andhere aasmaan ko bachaata hai. Chapter ke har sawal ka jawab Chapter 12 ke NCERT solutions mein hai.
Key terms (zaroori shabd)
| Term | Matlab |
|---|---|
| Star (taara) | Gases ka bahut bada aur bahut garam gola jo apni roshni se chamakta hai. Sun hamare sabse paas ka taara hai. |
| Constellation (taaramandal) | Ab aasmaan ka ek tay hissa, jisme aksar taaron ka koi pattern hota hai; ye shabd us pattern ke liye bhi bola jaata hai. IAU ne poore aasmaan ko 88 constellations mein baanta. |
| Nakshatra | Bharatiya khagol-vigyaan mein koi khaas taara ya taaron ka samooh, jaise Ardra (Betelgeuse), Krittika (Pleiades) aur Rohini (Aldebaran). |
| Pole Star (Dhruva tara) | Ek taara jo North disha mein lagbhag tika hua dikhta hai. Northern hemisphere mein ye North dhoondhne mein madad karta hai. |
| Big Dipper (Saptarishi) | Ursa Major constellation mein saat chamakte taaron ka pattern. Iske do pointer taare Pole Star tak le jaate hain. |
| Light pollution (roshni ka pradooshan) | Raat mein zaroorat se zyaada artificial roshni. Dhuen aur dhool ke saath ye shaharon mein taare chhupa deti hai. |
| Solar System (saur mandal) | Sun, aath planets, unke moons aur kai chhoti cheezein jaise asteroids aur comets. |
| Planet (grah) | Bada, lagbhag gol object jo Sun ke chakkar lagaata hai. |
| Revolution (parikrama) | Kisi object ka Sun ya planet ke chaaron taraf ghoomna. Dharti ko Sun ka ek chakkar lagaane mein lagbhag ek saal lagta hai. |
| Satellite (upgrah) | Wo object jo kisi planet ke chaaron taraf ghoome. Moons natural satellites hain; Moon Dharti ka hai. |
| Asteroid | Chhota, pathreela aur bedaul object. Kai asteroids Mars aur Jupiter ke beech, asteroid belt mein, Sun ke chakkar lagaate hain. |
| Comet (dhoomketu) | Dhool, gases, pathar aur barf ka bana barfeela-pathreela object, jiski Sun ke paas aane pe poonchh banti hai. |
| Astronomical unit (au) | Solar System mein doori naapne ki ikaai: lagbhag 15 crore km, yaani Sun aur Dharti ke beech ki lagbhag doori. |
| Milky Way Galaxy (Akash Ganga) | Hamari apni galaxy, jo andhere aasmaan mein roshni ki halki patti jaisi dikhti hai. Ek galaxy mein laakhon se arabon taare hote hain. |
Is chapter ke topics
Practice karo
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Raat ke aasmaan ka sabse chamakdaar taara kaunsa hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Sirius
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Kaunsa taara North disha mein lagbhag tika hua dikhta hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) Pole Star
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Kis planet ko Red Planet kehte hain?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Mars
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Kai asteroids Sun ke chakkar kin do planets ke beech lagaate hain?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Mars aur Jupiter
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IAU ne aasmaan ko kitne constellations mein baanta?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) 88
Students ke sawal
Class 6 Science Chapter 12 mein kya padhte hain?
Taare aur constellations, Pole Star dhoondhna, raat ka aasmaan dekhna aur light pollution, Sun, aath planets, natural satellites aur Moon, Chandrayaan missions, asteroids, comets, Milky Way Galaxy aur Universe.
Kya Beyond Earth nayi Curiosity book mein hai?
Haan. Beyond Earth, Curiosity ka Chapter 12, yaani aakhri chapter hai, jo 2026-27 session mein Class 6 Science ki textbook hai.
Chapter ki exercise mein kitne sawal hain?
“Let us enhance our learning” mein 11 sawal hain, jinme ek paheli, planets ka ek figure theek karna aur taaron ke patterns banaana bhi hai. Hamare NCERT solutions page pe sabke jawab hain, saath mein Activities 12.1 se 12.4, in-text sawal aur Learning further tasks.
Koi sawal atak gaya?
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