Moon, asteroid aur comet kya hain?

Satellites

Planets Sun ke chakkar lagaate hain, aur kuch objects planets ke chakkar lagaate hain. Planets ke chaaron taraf ghoomne waale objects ko aam taur pe satellites kehte hain. Ye jis planet ke chakkar lagaate hain, usse chhote hote hain. Moons natural satellites hain. Dharti ka ek Moon hai, Mars ke do, aur Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus aur Neptune ke bahut saare moons hain. Aam taur pe jo bhi object kisi kahin bade object ke chakkar lagaaye, use satellite keh sakte hain, isliye Dharti ko Sun ka satellite bhi maana ja sakta hai.

Moon

Moon Dharti ka natural satellite aur space mein hamara sabse paas ka padosi hai:

• ye Dharti se lagbhag 3,84,000 km door hai;
• Dharti ka ek chakkar lagbhag 27 din mein lagaata hai;
• iska diameter Dharti ke diameter ka lagbhag chauthaai hai;
• Dharti ke ulat, uspe hawa na ke barabar hai.

Moon ki satah pe gol, katori jaise gaddhe hain jinhe craters kehte hain. Inme se zyaadatar space se asteroids ya pathar takraane se bane. Moon pe atmosphere, paani ya jeevan nahi hai, isliye ye nishaan bahut lambe samay tak bane rehte hain.

India ke Moon missions

India ne Moon ko samajhne ke liye teen Chandrayaan missions bheje hain. Chandrayaan-1 2008 mein aur Chandrayaan-2 2019 mein launch hua. Chandrayaan-3 July 2023 mein launch hua, aur iska Vikram lander, Pragyan rover ke saath, 23 August 2023 ko Moon pe aaraam se utra. India Moon ke kam khoje gaye south pole ke paas utarne waala pehla desh bana, aur Bharat sarkaar ne 23 August ko National Space Day ghoshit kiya. Chauthe mission, Chandrayaan-4, ki taiyaari ho rahi hai, jo Moon se mitti aur patharon ke namoone waapas laayega.

Asteroids

Sun aur planets lagbhag gol hain, par Solar System mein kai chhote objects bhi hain jo pathreele aur bedaul shape ke hain. Ye asteroids hain. Inka size lagbhag 10 m se lagbhag 500 km tak hota hai. Inme se kai Mars aur Jupiter ke raaston ke beech Sun ke chakkar lagaate hain; is hisse ko asteroid belt kehte hain. Kabhi-kabhi koi asteroid Dharti ke bahut paas se guzarta hai.

Comets

Comets Solar System ke bahari hisson se aane waale mehmaan hain, jo dhool, gases, pathar aur barf ke bane hote hain. Jab comet Sun ke paas aata hai, uski jami cheezein bhaap banne lagti hain, aur isi se uski lambi poonchh banti hai. (Extra: poonchh hamesha Sun se door ki taraf hoti hai.) Sun se door jaate hue comet dhundhla ho jaata hai aur nangi aankh se nahi dikhta.

Kai comets Sun ke chakkar lagaate hain aur baar-baar lautte hain. Halley’s Comet lagbhag har 76 saal mein dikhta hai; aakhri baar ye 1986 mein dikha. Kuch comets Solar System se bahar nikal jaate hain, aur kuch toot jaate hain ya Sun ya kisi planet mein gir jaate hain.

Sanskrit aur kuch doosri Bharatiya bhashaon mein comet ko Dhumaketu kehte hain, aur India ki kuch janjaatiyan ise Pucchya-Taro (poonchh waala taara) ya Zendya-Taro (jhande jaisa taara) kehti hain. Kai sanskritiyon mein comets se darr lagta tha aur unhe badkismati ka nishaan maana jaata tha, par vaigyaniko ne dikhaaya ki ye bas Sun ke paas chakkar lagaane waale barfeele-pathreele mehmaan hain.

Poora Solar System

Solar System matlab Sun, aath planets, unke moons, aur kai chhote objects jaise asteroids aur comets. Sun isme sabse bada aur sabse bhaari object hai aur lagbhag saari energy wahi banaata hai. Baaki sab, Moon samet, Sun ki roshni reflect karke chamakte hain. Inke paar ke taare kaise fit hote hain, ye dekhne ke liye padho stars aur constellations kya hain.