Compass kaise kaam karta hai?

Raasta dikhaane waala magnet

Reshma ki kahaani mein toofaan mein fanse naavik taare nahi dekh paate. Wo disha kaise jaanein? Jawab magnets ki ek khaas khoobi mein hai.

Activity 4.3 mein bar magnet ko beech mein bandhe dhaage se latkaaya jaata hai taaki wo seedha santulit rahe. Use dheere se ghumaakar rukne diya jaata hai, aur uske siron ki jagah zameen pe nishaan lagaakar ek line se joda jaata hai. Baar-baar ghumaao: ye hamesha usi line pe rukta hai.

Ye line kaunsi disha hai? Agar tumhe pata hai ki Sooraj kahan ugta (poorab) ya doobta (pashchim) hai, to samajh sakte ho: magnet uttar-dakshin disha mein rukta hai. Uttar ki taraf waala sira magnet ka North pole hai, aur doosra South pole.

Uttar-dakshin hi kyun?

Aazaadi se latka magnet uttar-dakshin disha mein isliye rukta hai kyunki dharti khud ek bade magnet ki tarah kaam karti hai. Saadhaaran iron ki chhad ke saath activity dohraao, to wo kisi bhi disha mein ruk sakti hai. Yaani sirf magnet uttar-dakshin mein rukte hain, aur isse ye jaanchne ka aasaan tareeka milta hai ki koi dhaatu ka tukda magnet hai ya nahi.

Magnetic compass ke hisse

Uttar-dakshin waali isi khoobi pe ek chhota yantra bana, magnetic compass, jo bahut pehle disha jaanne ke liye viksit hua.

• Paardarshi dhakkan waala chhota gol box.
• Sui ke aakaar ka magnet, ek pin pe lagaa taaki aazaadi se ghoom sake.
• Sui ka uttar dikhaane waala sira aam taur par laal rangaa hota hai.
• Sui ke neeche dishaon waala dial.

Compass kaise use karein

1. Compass ko us jagah samtal rakho jahan dishaayein jaanni hain.
2. Sui ke uttar-dakshin disha mein rukne ka intezaar karo.
3. Box ko dheere-dheere tab tak ghumaao jab tak dial ke N aur S sui se mil na jaayein.
4. Ab us jagah ki saari dishaayein dial jaisi hain.

Use karte samay magnet, iron ki cheezein aur phone door rakho, ye sui ko bhatka dete hain.

Apna compass banaao

Activity 4.4 ke liye chahiye: cork, iron ki silaai ki sui, bar magnet, kaanch ka katora aur paani.

1. Sui ko lakdi ki mez pe rakho. Magnet ka ek pole sui ke ek sire pe rakho aur sui ki lambaai mein doosre sire tak le jaao, phir utha lo.
2. Usi pole ko usi shuruaati sire pe waapas laao aur dohraao, kam se kam 30 se 40 baar.
3. Sui ke paas iron filings ya steel ki pinein laao: agar khinchti hain, to sui magnet ban gayi.
4. Sui ko cork mein aar-paar seedha ghusaao aur cork ko paani ke katore mein tairaao, sui paani se upar rahe.

Sui rukne pe dekho uske sire kidhar hain. Cork ko dheere se ghumaao aur phir rukne do: sire hamesha usi taraf rukte hain, uttar aur dakshin.

Matsya-yantra

Aadhunik compass ke aam hone se bahut pehle Indian log samudra mein raasta dhoondhne ke liye ek milta-julta yantra use karte the: tel ke bartan mein rakha machhli ke aakaar ka magnet bana iron, jise matsya-yantra ya machchh-yantra kehte the.

Kya compass ke paas magnet sui ki disha badal sakta hai? Padho magnets mein attraction aur repulsion. Textbook ke sawaalon ke liye dekho Chapter 4 ke NCERT solutions; poore chapter ke liye Chapter 4 ke notes.