Magnetic aur non-magnetic materials
Short mein jawab
Magnetic materials magnet ki taraf khinchte hain: iron, nickel, cobalt aur doosri dhaatuon ke saath unke kuch mishran, isliye zyaadatar steel ki cheezein chipakti hain. Lakdi, rubber, plastic, kaanch, kaagaz, aluminium aur copper jaise non-magnetic materials nahi khinchte. Magnet ka asar lakdi, cardboard, plastic aur kaanch jaisi non-magnetic cheezon ke aar-paar bhi jaata hai.
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Kya magnet har cheez se chipakta hai?
Kya magnet sirf kuch khaas cheezon se bani vastuon se chipakta hai? Activity 4.1 mein tum alag-alag cheezon se bani vastuein jama karte ho, jaise pencil, rubber, chaabi, keel, plastic ka scale, kaanch ki bottle aur paper clip. Pehle tum andaaza (prediction) lagaate ho ki kaunsi magnet se chipkengi, phir har ek ke paas magnet laakar dekhte ho, aur dono Table 4.1 mein likhte ho.
Magnetic materials
Kuch vastuein magnet se chipak jaati hain. Magnet ki taraf khinchne waali cheezein magnetic materials kehlaati hain.
- Iron magnetic material hai. Pin, paper clip aur keel jaisi zyaadatar steel ki cheezein bhi khinchti hain, kyunki steel mein zyaadatar iron hota hai.
- Nickel aur cobalt doosri dhaatuein hain jo magnetic hain.
- Doosri dhaatuon ke saath inke kuch mishran bhi magnet ki taraf khinchte hain.
Extra: stainless steel ke kuch chammach aur bartan, unme mili doosri dhaatuon ki wajah se, kam khinchte hain ya bilkul nahi, isliye andaaza lagaane se pehle test karo.
Non-magnetic materials
Jo cheezein magnet ki taraf nahi khinchti, unhe non-magnetic materials kehte hain. Lakdi (pencil), rubber (eraser), plastic, kaanch, kaagaz aur kapda non-magnetic hain. Kai dhaatuein bhi non-magnetic hain: aluminium, copper aur brass nahi khinchti. Isliye ye nahi keh sakte ki magnet saari dhaatuon ko kheenchta hai.
Sample Table 4.1
| Vastu | Material | Khinchi? |
|---|---|---|
| Pencil | Lakdi | Nahi |
| Eraser | Rubber | Nahi |
| Keel | Iron | Haan |
| Paper clip | Steel | Haan |
| Scale | Plastic | Nahi |
| Bottle | Kaanch | Nahi |
| Taar | Copper | Nahi |
Magnet se chhaantna kyun kaam ka hai?
Kaunsi cheezein magnetic hain, ye jaanna kaam ka hai. Magnet farsh pe giri pinon ya suiyon ko jaldi utha leta hai. Extra: kabaad aur recycling ki jagahon pe bade magnets iron aur steel ko plastic, kaanch aur aluminium jaise baaki kachre se alag karte hain. Magnet se ye bhi pata chalta hai ki kisi dhaatu ki cheez mein iron hai ya nahi: agar ‘dhaatu’ ka chammach nahi khinchta, to wo aluminium ya kisi tarah ke stainless steel ka ho sakta hai. Yaad rakho ki magnet poles pe sabse zyada kheenchta hai, isliye test karte samay magnet ka beech nahi, sira cheez ke paas laao.
Non-magnetic cheezon ke aar-paar magnetism
Agar magnet aur compass ki sui ke beech kisi cheez ki sheet rakh di jaaye to? Activity 4.7 mein pehle magnet compass ki sui ko modta hai. Phir unhe hilaaye bina beech mein lakdi ka tukda rakha jaata hai, phir cardboard, patli plastic sheet aur patli kaanch ki sheet.
Sui ke mudne mein koi khaas badlaav nahi aata. Nishkarsh: magnet ka asar non-magnetic cheezon ke aar-paar ja sakta hai.
Is baat ke mazedaar istemaal
- Maze mein steel ki goliyan: cardboard tray ke neeche magnet chalaao, goliyan uske saath maze mein chalti hain.
- Paani mein paper clip: glass ke bahar magnet lagaakar upar sarkaao; clip peechhe aati hai, aur na ungliyan geeli hoti hain na magnet.
- Maala: magnet se ek ke neeche ek steel ki pinein latkaao; har pin agli ko kheenchti hai.
Magnet kuch cheezon ko bina chhuye hila sakta hai. Magnet sabse zyada kahan kheenchta hai, ye jaanne ke liye padho magnet ke poles. Textbook ke sawaalon ke liye dekho Chapter 4 ke NCERT solutions; poore chapter ke liye Chapter 4 ke notes.
Practice karo
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Kaunsi dhaatu magnet se NAHI khinchti?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (d) Copper
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Steel ki paper clip magnet se khinchti hai kyunki steel mein zyaadatar hota hai:
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) iron
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Magnet aur compass ke beech kaanch ki sheet rakhi gayi. Sui ka mudna:
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) khaas nahi badalta
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Paani ke glass se steel ki paper clip bina ungliyan ya magnet geela kiye kaise nikaaloge?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Magnet ko glass ke bahar clip ke paas lagaao aur upar ki taraf sarkaao. Magnet ka asar kaanch aur paani ke aar-paar jaata hai, isliye clip magnet ke peechhe-peechhe kinaare tak aa jaati hai.
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Inhe magnetic aur non-magnetic mein baanto: iron ki keel, rubber band, steel ka chammach, plastic ki kanghi, iron ki chaabi, lakdi ka scale.
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Magnetic: iron ki keel, iron ki chaabi aur, aam taur par, steel ka chammach. Non-magnetic: rubber band, plastic ki kanghi, lakdi ka scale.
Students ke sawal
Magnetic materials kya hain?
Wo cheezein jo magnet ki taraf khinchti hain. Iron dhaatu magnetic hai, aur nickel aur cobalt aur doosri dhaatuon ke saath unke kuch mishran bhi.
Non-magnetic materials kya hain?
Wo cheezein jo magnet ki taraf nahi khinchti, jaise lakdi, rubber, plastic, kaanch, kaagaz aur kapda, aur aluminium aur copper jaisi dhaatuein.
Kya magnet doosri cheezon ke aar-paar kaam karta hai?
Haan. Magnet aur compass ki sui ke beech lakdi, cardboard, plastic ya kaanch ki sheet rakhne pe sui ka mudna khaas nahi badalta, yaani magnet ka asar non-magnetic cheezon ke aar-paar jaata hai.
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