Class 6 Social Science Chapter 12 NCERT Solutions Hinglish mein: Grassroots Democracy — Part 3: Local Government in Urban Areas

Exploring Society: India and Beyond ke Chapter 12, Grassroots Democracy — Part 3: Local Government in Urban Areas, ke Big Questions, Let’s Explore activities, Think About It sawal aur “Questions, activities and projects” ke jawab. Inme se kai charcha waale sawal hain, isliye neeche diye jawab model answers aur ideas hain: inse taiyaari karo, phir apne kasbe ya shahar ke udaharan jodo. Short notes: Chapter 12 notes.

The Big Questions (page 173)

1. Urban local bodies kya hain aur inke kaam kya hain?

Urban local bodies shaharon aur kasbon mein local government ki sansthaayein hain. 10 lakh se zyaada logon ke shahar mein Municipal Corporation (Mahanagar Nigam), 1 lakh se 10 lakh logon ke shahar mein Municipal Council (Nagar Palika), aur chhote kasbe mein Nagar Panchayat hoti hai. Shahar aur kasbe wards mein bante hote hain, aur har ward ki ek ward committee hoti hai. Inke kaam:

• paani ki supply, sadkon aur naaliyon jaise infrastructure ki dekhbhaal mein madad;
• kachra uthaana aur nipataana, aur kabristan sambhaalna;
• dekhna ki sarkaari yojanaayein lagu hon;
• local tax aur jurmaane lena, aur licences, certificates, fire services aur water tanker jaisi services dena;
• ilaake ke aarthik aur saamaajik vikas ki planning mein kuch role;
• ward committees ke zariye health camps aur campaigns chalaana, aur leak, band naaliyan aur tooti sadkein report karna.

2. Shaasan aur loktantra mein ye kyun zaroori hain?

• Ye decentralised hain: sab kuch ek central authority ke tay karne ke bajaaye, local logon ki seedhi awaaz hoti hai ki unka ilaaka kaise chale.
• Paani ka leak ya tooti sadak jaisi local dikkatein wahi log jaldi suljha sakte hain jo ilaaka jaante hain.
• Nagrik apne pratinidhi chunte hain aur ward committees ke zariye hissa le sakte hain, isliye shahar ki jadon tak loktantra chalta hai.
• Ye ise participatory democracy banaati hain: log apne adhikaar aur farz seekhte hain, jaise kachra alag karna aur dikkatein report karna.
• Jaisa 1949 mein Constituent Assembly mein Rustom K. Sidhwa ne kaha, local bodies logon ko apne hi kasbe ke chhote daayre mein prashaasan, vote, shaktiyaan aur adhikaar samajhne deti hain.

Let’s Explore: shahar aur vividhta (page 174)

Kolkata, Chennai ya Mumbai jaisa shahar gaon ya kasbe se zyaada complex aur vividh kyun hai?

• Wahan kahin zyaada log hain, saikdon ya hazaaron ki jagah laakhon-karodon, jo paas-paas rehte hain.
• Log kai States se aate hain aur kai bhashaayein bolte hain; alag dharm aur reeti-riwaaz maante hain aur hazaaron tarah ke kaam karte hain.
• Kahin zyaada services chahiye: oonchi imaaraton ke liye paani, bus aur train, traffic control, hospitals, bhaari maatra mein kachre ka nipataara, fire services aur bahut kuch.
• Wahan udyog, daftar, bandargaah ya bazaar hote hain jinka asar shahar se door tak padta hai.
• Log aksar padosiyon ko nahi jaante, isliye gaon ki tarah sab milkar baith ke har dikkat nahi suljha sakte.

Jis shahar ko tum jaante ho, wahan ke vividh samudaayon ki list banao. Jaise, kisi bade shahar mein tumhe Hindi, Bengali, Tamil, Marathi, Gujarati, Punjabi, Malayalam, Urdu aur kai doosri bhashaayein bolne waale; alag dharmon ko maanne waale; aur kaam ya padhaai ke liye gaonon aur doosre States se aaye log milenge. Kya dikhega: list bahut lambi ho jaati hai; kai samudaayon ke apne tyohaar, khaana aur pooja ki jagahein hain, phir bhi ve padosi ban ke saath rehte, kaam karte aur tyohaar manaate hain.

Let’s Explore: gaon aur shahar ki local government (page 175)

Samaantaayein: dono local government hain, Union aur State sarkaar ke neeche ka level aur logon ke sabse paas; dono ki neenv mein log hain (gaon mein Gram Sabha, shahar mein ward ke log); dono mein chune hue members hote hain; aur dono local zarooratein dekhti hain.

Fark: gaon waale hisse mein teen tiers hain (Gram Panchayat, Panchayat Samiti aur Zila Parishad), jabki shahar waale hisse mein har shahar ya kasbe ki ek mukhya body hoti hai, jiske neeche ward committees hoti hain; aur shahar ki body ka type wahan ki aabaadi pe nirbhar hai.

Let’s Explore: zimmedaar nagrikon ke aur kaam (page 177)

Kachra alag karne aur paani ka leak report karne ke alaawa, zimmedaar nagrik ye kar sakte hain:

1. dustbin use karna, aur public jagahon pe kabhi kachra na phenkna, na thookna;
2. single-use plastic se bachna aur kapde ka thaila saath rakhna;
3. paani aur bijli bachaana, aur khule chhoote public nal ya din mein jalti streetlights report karna;
4. gaddhe, khule manhole, toote streetlights aur gire ped local body ko report karna;
5. parks, public toilets aur doosri public sampatti ka dhyaan rakhna, aur deewaron pe poster na chipkaana;
6. property tax aur water charges samay pe bharna, aur bade hokar local chunaav mein vote dena.

Think About It: Indore (page 179)

Indore lagaataar saat saal sabse saaf shahar bana; isme wahan ke nagrikon ka kya role raha hoga? Nagrikon ne:

• ghar pe geela aur sookha kachra alag karke kachra uthaane waalon ko diya hoga;
• kachra phenkna band karke dustbin use kiye honge;
• single-use plastic kam kiya hoga;
• corporation ke shikaayat system se kachre ke dher aur band naaliyan report ki hongi;
• safaai abhiyaanon mein hissa liya hoga aur padosiyon, dukaandaaron aur bahar se aane waalon ko shahar saaf rakhne ke liye kaha hoga;
• apne shahar pe garv kiya hoga aur ye aadatein saal dar saal nibhaayi hongi.

Let’s Explore: tumhare paas ki urban local bodies (page 179)

Urban local body ka type kaise pata karein: shahar ki official website ya State ke urban development department ki website dekho, local akhbaar padho, local body ke daftar ke board ya uske bills (jaise property tax ya paani ka bill) dekho, ya bado aur teachers se poochho. Naam se bhi madad milti hai: Nagar Nigam ya Mahanagar Palika matlab Municipal Corporation, aur Nagar Palika ya Nagar Parishad matlab Municipal Council.

Ek sample table (apne State aur padosi States ke shahar jodo):

Shahar ya kasba	State	Urban local body ka type
Mumbai	Maharashtra	Municipal Corporation (Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai)
Chennai	Tamil Nadu	Municipal Corporation (Greater Chennai Corporation)
Indore	Madhya Pradesh	Municipal Corporation (Indore Municipal Corporation)
Kolkata	West Bengal	Municipal Corporation (Kolkata Municipal Corporation)
Tumhara kasba ya shahar

Urban local bodies apne kaamon ke liye paisa kahan se laati hain? Indore ki tasveeron se: property tax; water charges; business, hoarding aur trade licences aur marriage certificate jaise certificates ki fees; maangne pe milne waali services ke charges; aur jurmaane. (Extra: inhe State aur Union sarkaaron se grants bhi milti hain.)

Kya kuch services ke paise lagte hain? Haan. Maangne pe milne waali services, jaise water tanker, septic tanker, auditorium ki booking, funeral van, mobile toilet ya ambulance, ke aam taur pe paise lagte hain, aur paani ke liye water charges dene hote hain.

Questions, activities and projects (pages 181–182)

1. School jaate hue paani ka pipe leak ho raha hai. Tum aur tumhare dost kya karoge?

• Leak theek kahan hai, kisi landmark ke saath, aur kitna bada hai, ye note karo.
• Turant teacher ya maata-pita ko batao; kisi bade ki madad se urban local body ko phone, uske complaint app ya website, ya ward office ke zariye report karo, ya ward committee member ko batao.
• Khud theek karne ki koshish mat karo, aur paas mein bijli ke taar hon to door raho.
• Ek-do din baad bhi leak ho raha ho to daftar se dobaara poochho.
• Class mein iski baat karo, taaki doosre bhi leak report karna seekhein: turant report karne se keemti paani ki aur barbaadi rukti hai.

2. Kisi urban local body ke member ko class mein bulao. Sawal taiyaar karo.

Teacher ki madad se invitation letter likho, tay karo ki mehmaan ka swaagat kaun karega, kaun kaunsa sawal poochhega aur notes kaun likhega, aur baad mein thank-you note bhejo. Kuch sawal:

1. Aap kis ward ya ilaake ki numaaindgi karte hain, aur aapko kaise chuna gaya?
2. Aapki mukhya zimmedaariyan kya hain?
3. Hamare ilaake ki sabse badi dikkatein kya hain, aur unhe kaise suljhaaya ja raha hai?
4. Local body ko paisa kaise milta hai, aur wo kaise tay karti hai ki kahan kharch kare?
5. Nagrik koi dikkat kaise report kar sakte hain, aur use theek hone mein kitna samay lagta hai?
6. Ward committee kya karti hai?
7. Students hamare ilaake ko saaf aur surakshit rakhne mein kaise madad kar sakte hain?

3. Aas-paas ke bado ki urban local body se ummeedon ki list banao.

Jawab alag-alag honge. Aam ummeedein: roz saaf paani; roz kachra uthaana; saaf naaliyan taaki monsoon mein galiyan na doobein; bina gaddhon ki achhi sadkein aur footpath; chalti streetlights; parks aur khel ke maidan; saaf public toilets; machchharon pe rok aur health camps; shikaayaton pe jaldi action; tax aur bill bharna aasaan aur imaandaar, online bhi; jaldi fire aur ambulance services; aur ped lagaana aur bachaana.

4. Achhi urban local body ki khoobiyon ki list banao.

1. Paani, safaai, sadkein aur streetlights jaisi buniyaadi services niyamit aur achhe se deti hai.
2. Nagrikon ki sunti hai aur shikaayaton pe jaldi kaam karti hai.
3. Public paisa kaise kharch hota hai, is baare mein imaandaar aur khuli rehti hai.
4. Logon ko jodti hai, jaise ward committees, meetings aur campaigns ke zariye.
5. Har ilaake aur har insaan ke saath barabari se pesh aati hai, ameer ho ya gareeb.
6. Aage ki planning karti hai: paani, kachra, traffic, ghar aur hari-bhari jagahein.
7. Paryaavaran bachaati hai, jaise plastic kam karke aur ped lagaa ke.
8. Usse sampark karna aasaan hai: daftar, helplines aur online services.

5. Panchayati Raj aur urban local bodies mein kya samaantaayein aur fark hain?

	Panchayati Raj (gaon)	Urban local bodies
Kahan	Gaon	Shahar aur kasbe
Bodies	Teen tiers: Gram Panchayat, Panchayat Samiti, Zila Parishad	Har jagah ek mukhya body: Municipal Corporation, Municipal Council ya Nagar Panchayat, ward committees ke saath
Neenv	Gram Sabha: gaon ke saare baalig voters	Har ward ke log
Kaunsi body	Har gaon ki Gram Panchayat; block aur zile mein oonche tiers	Aabaadi pe nirbhar: Nagar Panchayat, Municipal Council (1 lakh se 10 lakh) ya Municipal Corporation (10 lakh se zyaada)
Log kaise hissa lete hain	Aksar seedhe, Gram Sabha mein, kyunki sab ek-doosre ko jaante hain	Zyaadatar chune hue members aur ward committees ke zariye

Samaantaayein: dono local government hain, decentralised aur logon ke paas; dono mein local logon ke chune hue members hote hain; dono paani, safaai aur sadkon jaisi local zarooratein dekhti hain aur pakka karti hain ki sarkaari yojanaayein logon tak pahunchein; dono State ke banaaye niyamon ke tahat kaam karti hain, isliye details State se State alag hoti hain; aur dono mein nagrikon ke bhi farz hain.