Class 6 Social Science Chapter 2: Oceans and Continents (Hinglish Notes)
Ye chapter 5 lines mein
Prithvi ki satah ka lagbhag teen-chauthaai hissa paani hai, isliye ise neela grah (blue planet) kehte hain, aur ek-chauthaai se thoda zyaada zameen hai. Sabse bade jal-bhandaar paanch oceans hain: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern aur Arctic, jo sab aapas mein jude hain. Zameen ke bade lagaataar hisse continents hain, jo aksar saat gine jaate hain; Asia sabse bada aur Australia sabse chhota. Paani se ghire chhote bhoo-bhaag islands hain. Oceans baarish laate hain, hamaari bahut si oxygen banaate hain aur jeevan ko aakaar dete hain, par unhe pradooshan se bachaana zaroori hai.
Neela grah
Chapter Jules Verne ke 1870 ke shabdon se shuru hota hai: ocean globe ke saat-dasvein hisse ko dhakta hai aur prakriti ka vishaal bhandaar hai. Chaand ki kaksha se li gayi Prithvi ki photo isse samjhaati hai. Globe ghumao to sabse zyaada faila rang neela hai: paani. Prithvi ki satah ka lagbhag teen-chauthaai hissa paani hai, isliye shuruaati antariksh yatriyon ne Prithvi ko pyaar se ‘blue planet’ kaha. Sabse bade jal-bhandaar oceans hain.
Bhoore hisse zameen hain, jo globe ka ek-chauthaai se thoda zyaada hissa dhakte hain. Zameen ka bada hissa landmass hai, aur zameen ka bada lagaataar hissa continent. Oceans aur continents Prithvi ka mausam banaate hain aur saare paudhon, jaanwaron aur logon ko prabhaavit karte hain. Indian Navy ka motto, Sam no Varunah, yaani ‘Hum par kalyaankaari ho, O Varuna’, bhi samudron ke Vedic devta ko pukaarta hai.
Paani aur zameen dono hemispheres mein barabar nahi bante: North aur South Pole ke upar se bane maps dikhaate hain ki Southern Hemisphere mein kahin zyaada paani hai aur Northern Hemisphere mein zyaada zameen.
Khaara paani aur meetha paani
Oceans grah ka zyaadatar paani rakhte hain, par samudri paani khaara hai aur insaanon samet zyaadatar zameeni jaanwaron ke peene laayak nahi. Meetha paani bahut thoda hai: ye glaciers, nadiyon, jheelon, hawa aur zameen ke neeche (groundwater) milta hai. Isliye itne paani ke bawajood log paani ki kami ki baat karte hain, aur paani bachaana zaroori hai.
Paanch oceans
Paanch oceans hain Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern (ya Antarctic) aur Arctic. Pacific sabse bada hai, phir Atlantic, Indian, Southern, aur Arctic sabse chhota. Ye sach mein alag nahi hain: inhe baantne waali lines sirf maanyataayein hain, samudri paani inke aar-paar behta hai aur kai jeev kai oceans mein milte hain. Inka samudri jeevan chhoti algae aur seaweeds (flora) se lekar machhliyon, dolphins, whales aur rahasyamay gehre samudr ke jeevon (fauna) tak hai. Aur padho: duniya ke oceans.
Indian Ocean ke uttar mein Asia, paschim mein Africa, poorv mein Australia aur dakshin mein Southern Ocean hai. India ke dono taraf iske do hisse hain: paschim mein Arabian Sea aur poorv mein Bay of Bengal.
Oceans aur aapdaayein
Prithvi ki photo mein safed aakaar baadal hain. Ocean ke baadal continents par baarish laate hain: India ki monsoon baarish ocean se aati hai, aur iske bina kheti aur saara jeevan prabhaavit hoga. Par oceans cyclone bhi laate hain, bahut tez baarish ya hawaon waale toofaan, aur tsunami, vishaal lehrein jo aam taur par samudr ke neeche bhookamp ya jwaalamukhi se banti hain aur hazaaron kilometre tak ja sakti hain.
26 December 2004 ko Indonesia ke bhookamp se aayi tsunami ne Indian Ocean ke aas-paas India aur 13 aur deshon ko maara; do lakh se zyaada log maare gaye. Andaman aur Nicobar Islands aur Tamil Nadu aur Kerala ke tat bahut prabhaavit hue. Aaj desh early warning systems milkar chalaate hain, jaise Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System, aur India ki National Disaster Management Authority aapdaaon ko sambhaalti hai.
Continents
Kitne continents hain? Ginne ke tareeke ke hisaab se chaar se saat tak: North aur South America ek bhoo-bhaag ya do ho sakte hain; Europe aur Asia ek hi bhoo-bhaag Eurasia banaate hain, par itihaas aur sanskriti ki wajah se aam taur par alag gine jaate hain; aur Africa aur Eurasia kabhi ek gine jaate hain. Saat waali ginti sabse zyaada maani jaati hai. Olympic ke paanch chhalle paanch aabaad continents dikhaate hain: Africa, America, Asia, Australia aur Europe. Aur padho: duniya ke continents.
Size mein Asia sabse bada continent hai, phir Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica aur Europe, aur Australia sabse chhota.
Islands
Continents mein saari zameen nahi aati. Chaaron taraf paani se ghire chhote bhoo-bhaag islands hain; continents bhi paani se ghire hain par itne bade hain ki unhe island nahi kehte. Lakhon islands hain. Greenland sabse bada hai: uske barabar pahunchne ke liye India ke 10 sabse bade rajyon ka kshetrafal jodna padega. India ke apne 1,300 se zyaada chhote islands hain, jinme Bay of Bengal mein Andaman aur Nicobar Islands aur Arabian Sea mein Lakshadweep Islands shaamil hain.
1981 se Indian Antarctica Programme barfeele Antarctica ki khoj kar raha hai. 1983 mein India ne wahan pehla base, Dakshin Gangotri, banaaya, aur baad mein do aur base; Indian scientists ki lagbhag 40 teams ne uske mausam aur paryaavaran ka adhyayan kiya hai, aur scientists ki basti mein library aur post office bhi hai.
Oceans aur jeevan
Oceans water cycle ke hisse ke roop mein continents par baarish bhejte hain; inke bina Prithvi registaan hoti. Duniya ki aadhi se zyaada oxygen samudri paudhe banaate hain, isliye oceans ko ‘grah ke phephde’ kehte hain. Logon ne samudron se pravaas, vyapaar, yuddh aur machhli pakadne ka kaam kiya, aur har jagah ke tateey logon ke paas samudri devtaon, raakshason aur khazaanon ki kahaaniyan hain. United Nations 8 June ko World Oceans Day manaata hai.
Par hum har saal kai million tonne plastic oceans mein phenkte hain, saath mein doosra pradooshan bhi, aur zaroorat se zyaada machhli pakadna samudri jeevan ko ghataata hai. Oceans ko bachaana hum sabki zimmedaari hai. Chapter ke har sawaal ke jawab Chapter 2 ke NCERT solutions mein hain.
Key terms (zaroori shabd)
| Term | Matlab |
|---|---|
| Ocean (mahasaagar) | Prithvi ke sabse bade jal-bhandaaron mein se ek. Paanch hain: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern aur Arctic. |
| Continent (mahadweep) | Zameen ka bada lagaataar hissa. Aksar saat gine jaate hain: Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America aur South America. |
| Landmass (bhoo-bhaag) | Zameen ka bada hissa. |
| Island (dweep) | Continent se chhota zameen ka tukda jo chaaron taraf paani se ghira ho. |
| Sea, bay aur gulf | Oceans ke chhote hisse, jaise Arabian Sea aur Bay of Bengal. |
| Freshwater (meetha paani) | Wo paani jo khaara nahi hai, glaciers, nadiyon, jheelon, hawa aur zameen ke neeche milta hai. Ye kul paani ka bahut chhota hissa hai. |
| Groundwater (bhoojal) | Zameen ke neeche milne waala meetha paani. |
| Marine (samudri) | Oceans aur samudron se juda ya unme milne waala. |
| Flora aur fauna | Kisi khaas ilaake ya samay ke paudhe (flora) aur jaanwar (fauna). |
| Cyclone (chakravaat) | Ocean par banne waala bhayankar toofaan, bahut tez baarish ya hawaon ke saath, jo tateey ilaakon ko nuksaan pahuncha sakta hai. |
| Tsunami | Ek vishaal, shaktishaali leher, jo aam taur par ocean ke tal par tez bhookamp ya jwaalamukhi phatne se banti hai. |
| Eurasia | Europe aur Asia ko ek saath dekhna, kyunki ve ek hi bhoo-bhaag hain. |
Is chapter ke topics
Practice karo
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Prithvi ki satah ka lagbhag kitna hissa paani se dhaka hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) Lagbhag teen-chauthaai
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Sabse bada ocean kaunsa hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) Pacific
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Sabse chhota continent kaunsa hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Australia
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Bay of Bengal kis ocean ka hissa hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) Indian
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Kis hemisphere mein zyaada paani hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Southern
Students ke sawal
Class 6 SST Chapter 2 ke mukhya topics kya hain?
Prithvi par paani aur zameen kaise faile hain, khaara aur meetha paani, paanch oceans aur samudri jeevan, cyclone aur tsunami, continents ginne ke tareeke aur unka size, islands, Antarctica mein India ka kaam, aur oceans kyun zaroori hain aur unhe bachaana kyun hai.
Kya Oceans and Continents naye Exploring Society book mein hai?
Haan. Oceans and Continents, Exploring Society: India and Beyond ka Chapter 2 hai, jo 2026-27 session ki Class 6 Social Science textbook hai. Ye Chapter 1, Locating Places on the Earth, ke baad aata hai.
Chapter 2 ke end mein kitne sawaal hain?
“Questions, activities and projects” mein 4 kaam hain: teen shabdon ka matlab, continents banaana, world map par naam likhna aur ek crossword. Hamaara NCERT solutions page inke saath Big Questions aur har Let's Explore aur Think About It box ke jawab deta hai.
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