Class 6 Social Science Chapter 5: India, That Is Bharat (Hinglish Notes)

Samay ke saath India

Chapter Sri Aurobindo ke shabdon se shuru hota hai, jo Himalaya aur do samudron ke beech rehne waale logon ki aadhyaatmik aur saanskritik ekta ki baat karte hain. Aaj India tay seemaaon, tay rajyon aur jaani-maani aabaadi waala aadhunik desh hai, par 500, 2,000 ya 5,000 saal pehle haalat bahut alag the. Jise hum Indian Subcontinent kehte hain, uske kai naam aur badalti seemaayein rahi hain. Physical map par iski prakritik seemaayein aasaani se dikhti hain: north mein Himalaya aur Hindu Kush, west mein Arabian Sea aur east mein Bay of Bengal.

India ke naam humein purane texts, yaatriyon aur teerthyaatriyon ke vivran, aur inscriptions se mile hain, yahan ke nivaasiyon se bhi aur bahar se aane waalon se bhi.

Bharatiyon ne India ko kya naam diye

India ka sabse purana text Rig Veda northwest ilaake ko Sapta Sindhava, yaani ‘saat nadiyon ki dharti’, kehta hai. Sindhava shabd Sindhu se aaya, yaani Indus nadi, ya kabhi koi bhi nadi.

Baad mein Mahabharata kai ilaakon ke naam deta hai, jaise Kashmira, Kurukshetra, Vanga, Pragjyotisha, Kaccha aur Kerala. Ye milkar poore Subcontinent ko dhak lete hain.

Poore Subcontinent ke liye Mahabharata, jo kuch sadiyon BCE se likha jaane laga, do naam use karta hai. Bharatavarsha ka matlab hai ‘Bharaton ka desh’; Bharata pehli baar Rig Veda mein mukhya Vedic samoohon mein se ek ke roop mein aata hai, aur baad ke texts mein Bharata naam ke kai raja milte hain. Jambudvipa ka matlab hai ‘jamun ke phal ka dweep’, jo India ka ek aam desi ped hai. Samraat Ashoka ne lagbhag 250 BCE mein ek inscription mein poore India ke liye Jambudvipa likha, jisme tab aaj ka Bangladesh, Pakistan aur Afghanistan ke kuch hisse bhi the.

Bharata

Kuch sadiyon baad Bharata Subcontinent ka aam naam ban gaya. Vishnu Purana Bharata ko samudra ke uttar aur barfeele pahaadon, yaani Himalaya, ke dakshin ka desh batata hai. Lagbhag 2,000 saal purani ek Tamil kavita ek raja ki taareef karti hai jiska naam dakshin mein Kumari (Kanyakumari) se uttar ke mahaan parvat tak, aur ek samudra se doosre samudra tak jaana jaata tha. Purane Bharatiya apna bhugol achhi tarah jaante the.

Ye naam aaj bhi chalta hai: north India mein aam taur par Bharat aur south India mein Bharatam. India ka Constitution, jo 1950 mein laagu hua, apne pehle article mein kehta hai: ‘India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.’ Hindi version mein likha hai ‘Bharat arthat India’.

Videshiyon ne India ko kya naam diye

• Persians: 6th century BCE mein ek Persian samraat ne Indus ilaake par kabza kiya, isliye Persians ne India ko Hind, Hidu ya Hindu kaha, jo Sindhu bolne ka unka tareeka tha. Purani Persian mein ‘Hindu’ sirf ek bhaugolik shabd tha, kisi dharm ka naam nahi.
• Greeks: Persians se lekar unhone Indoi ya Indike kaha, h hataakar, kyunki Greek mein ye akshar nahi tha.
• Chinese: unhone Yintu ya Yindu kaha, ye bhi Sindhu se, aur Tianzhu, jiska matlab ‘swargiya guru’ bhi ho sakta tha, jo Buddha ki dharti ke roop mein India ke liye unka sammaan dikhaata hai. Chinese vidvaan Xuanzang 7th century CE mein India aaye, 17 saal rahe aur Buddhist texts anuvaad ke liye saath le gaye.
• Hindustan lagbhag 1,800 saal pehle ek Persian inscription mein pehli baar aaya, aur baad mein zyaadatar hamlaavaron ne use kiya.

Is tarah yahan ke logon ke diye naam, khaaskar Bharata, zyaadatar Bharatiya bhaashaaon mein zinda hain, jabki bahar use hone waale Sindhu se bane naamon se ‘India’ bana. Aur padho India ke alag-alag naam mein. Har sawaal ka jawab Chapter 5 ke NCERT solutions mein hai.