India ke alag-alag naam
Short mein jawab
India ke kai naam rahe hain. Bharatiya texts northwest ko Sapta Sindhava aur poori dharti ko Bharatavarsha, Jambudvipa aur Bharata kehte hain. Videshiyon ne naam Sindhu (Indus) nadi se rakhe: Persians ne Hind ya Hindu, Greeks ne Indoi aur Chinese ne Yindu kaha; baad mein Hindustan aur India aaye. Constitution kehta hai ‘India, that is Bharat’.
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Kai naam, kai sources
Hazaaron saalon mein jise hum Indian Subcontinent kehte hain, us dharti ko yahan ke nivaasiyon ne bhi naam diye aur bahar se aane waalon ne bhi. Ye naam humein purane texts, yaatriyon aur teerthyaatriyon ke vivran, aur inscriptions se milte hain. Har naam batata hai ki use kisne use kiya aur wo dharti ke kitne hisse ki baat kar raha tha.
Bharatiyon ke diye naam
- Sapta Sindhava: India ka sabse purana text Rig Veda northwest ilaake ko ye naam deta hai, ‘saat nadiyon ki dharti’. Sindhava shabd Sindhu se aaya, yaani Indus nadi, ya kabhi koi bhi nadi.
- Bharatavarsha: Mahabharata, jo kuch sadiyon BCE se likha jaane laga, poore Subcontinent ke liye ye naam use karta hai. Iska matlab hai ‘Bharaton ka desh’. Rig Veda mein Bharata mukhya Vedic samoohon mein se ek hain, aur baad ke texts mein Bharata naam ke kai raja milte hain.
- Jambudvipa: ye bhi Mahabharata mein hai, matlab ‘jamun ke phal ka dweep’; jamun India ka ek aam desi ped hai, jise jambul ya Malabar plum bhi kehte hain. Lagbhag 250 BCE mein samraat Ashoka ne ek inscription mein poore India ke liye Jambudvipa likha, jisme tab aaj ka Bangladesh, Pakistan aur Afghanistan ke kuch hisse the.
- Bharata: kuch sadiyon baad ye aam naam ban gaya. Vishnu Purana Bharata ko samudra ke uttar aur barfeele pahaadon ke dakshin ka desh batata hai. Aaj ye north India mein aam taur par Bharat aur south India mein Bharatam hai.
Lagbhag 2,000 saal purani ek Tamil kavita bhi is dharti ko ek maanti hai: wo ek raja ki taareef karti hai jiska naam dakshin mein Kumari se uttar ke mahaan parvat tak, aur east ke samudra se west ke samudra tak jaana jaata tha.
Doosron ke diye naam
- Persians: India ka zikr karne waale pehle videshi. 6th century BCE mein ek Persian samraat ne Indus ilaake par kabza kiya, isliye unke records aur patthar ke inscriptions mein India Hind, Hidu ya Hindu bana, jo Sindhu bolne ka unka tareeka tha. Purani Persian mein ‘Hindu’ sirf ek bhaugolik shabd tha, dharm ka naam nahi.
- Greeks: Persian sources ke aadhaar par unhone is ilaake ko Indoi ya Indike kaha, h ko chhodkar, jo Greek mein tha hi nahi.
- Chinese: unke texts mein Yintu ya Yindu hai, jo bhi Sindhu se aaya (Sindhu, Hindhu, Indu, Yindu). Ek aur Chinese shabd, Tianzhu, bhi Sindhu se aaya, par iska matlab ‘swargiya guru’ bhi samjha ja sakta tha, jo Buddha ki dharti ke roop mein India ke liye unka sammaan dikhaata hai.
- Hindustan: lagbhag 1,800 saal pehle ek Persian inscription mein pehli baar aaya, aur baad mein zyaadatar hamlaavaron ne use kiya.
Ek dharti, kai bhaashaaon mein naam
| Bhaasha | India ka naam |
|---|---|
| Persian | Hind, Hidu, Hindu |
| Greek | Indoi, Indike |
| Latin | India |
| Chinese | Yintu, Yindu, Tianzhu |
| Arabic aur Persian | Hind, Hindustan |
| English | India |
| French | Inde |
India, that is Bharat
India ka Constitution, jo 1950 mein laagu hua aur pehle English mein likha gaya, apne pehle hi article ki shuruaat in shabdon se karta hai: ‘India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States’. Iske Hindi version mein likha hai ‘Bharat arthat India’. Is tarah yahan ke logon ka diya naam aur Sindhu ke raaste duniya bhar mein gaya naam, dono saath-saath khade hain.
Poore chapter ke liye dekho Chapter 5 ke notes; textbook ke sawaalon ke liye Chapter 5 ke NCERT solutions.
Practice karo
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Bharatavarsha ka matlab hai:
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Bharaton ka desh
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Kis samraat ne ek inscription mein poore India ke liye ‘Jambudvipa’ likha?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (a) Ashoka
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‘Hindustan’ pehli baar kahan aaya?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) ek Persian inscription mein
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‘Sindhu’ se ‘Indoi’ kaise bana?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Persians ne s ko h karke Hindu kaha. Greeks ne Persians se ye shabd liya aur h hata diya, kyunki Greek mein ye akshar nahi tha, aur Indoi ya Indike kaha.
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Lagbhag 2,000 saal purani Tamil kavita humein kya batati hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Wo ek raja ki taareef karti hai jiska naam dakshin mein Kumari (Kanyakumari) se uttar ke mahaan parvat (Himalaya) tak aur samudra se samudra tak jaana jaata tha, yaani south ke log bhi is dharti ko pahaadon se samudron tak ek maante the.
Students ke sawal
India ke alag-alag naam kaunse hain?
Bharatiya texts se: Sapta Sindhava, Bharatavarsha, Jambudvipa aur Bharata. Doosre deshon se: Hind aur Hindu (Persian), Indoi aur Indike (Greek), Yintu, Yindu aur Tianzhu (Chinese), Hindustan, aur India.
Jambudvipa ka matlab kya hai?
Jamun ke phal ka dweep; jamun India ka ek aam desi ped hai. Ye naam Indian Subcontinent ke liye use hone laga, aur Ashoka ne lagbhag 250 BCE mein ise poore India ke liye likha.
India naam kahan se aaya?
Sindhu, yaani Indus nadi, se. Persians ne Hindu kaha, Greeks ne Indoi ya Indike, aur wahan se Latin aur English mein India bana.
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