Class 7 Science Chapter 10 NCERT Solutions Hinglish mein: Life Processes in Plants

Curiosity (Reprint 2026-27) ke Chapter 10, Life Processes in Plants, ke har sawaal ka jawab: text ke beech ke sawaal aur activities, “Let Us Enhance Our Learning” ke saare 10 sawaal kaaran ke saath, aur exploratory projects. Page numbers book ke hisaab se hain (pages 137–152). Activities mein sample observations hain; tumhare thode alag ho sakte hain. Short notes: Chapter 10 ke notes.

Paudhe kaise badhte hain? (pages 137–139)

Kya tumne paudhon ko jaanwaron ki tarah khaana khaate dekha hai? Nahi. Paudhe khaate nahi. Wo apne hare hisson mein khaana khud banaate hain.

Badhte paudhon mein kya badlaav dikhte hain? Naye patte aur shaakhaayein nikalti hain, paudha lamba hota hai, tana mota hota hai, aur baad mein phool, phal aur beej bante hain.

Ye badlaav kis wajah se hote hain? Sambhav kaaran: paani, dhoop, mitti ke poshak tatva aur hawa. Activity 10.1 pehle do ko jaanchti hai.

Activity 10.1: Table 10.1 ke liye sample observations.

Gamla	Din 1 → 2 hafte baad
A: dhoop, paani ke saath	10 cm, 6 patte → 15 cm, 10 patte; hare
B: dhoop, bina paani	10 cm, 6 patte → jhuka hua, 2 sookhe patte bache; bhoore aur peele
C: andhera, paani ke saath	10 cm, 6 patte → 12 cm par patla aur kamzor, 7 patte; pheeke peele

Kya fark dikhe? Kaunsa sabse zyaada aur kaunsa sabse kam badha? Gamle A ka paudha sabse zyaada badha, sabse zyaada hare patton ke saath. Gamle B ka paudha sabse kam badha: wo murjha gaya aur shaayad mar gaya. Gamle C ka paudha thoda badha par kamzor aur peela tha.

Tum kya nishkarsh nikaalte ho? Paudhon ko achhi badhat ke liye dhoop aur paani dono chahiye.

Patte: khaane ki factory (pages 140–143)

Activity 10.2: iodine daalne pe rang hataaye patte ka kya hota hai? Wo blue-black ho jaata hai, yaani patte mein starch hai.

Patte ka rang pehle kyun hataate hain? Uska hara rang blue-black badlaav ko chhupa deta. Hara rang hataane se badlaav saaf dikhta hai. Pehle paani mein ubaalne se patta naram ho jaata hai.

Dive Deeper: dhoop starch banaane mein kaise madad karti hai? (Activity 10.3) Dhoop mein rakhe paudhe ke patte ke hare dhabbe blue-black hote hain aur safed dhabbe nahi. 36 ghante andhere mein rakhe paudhe ke patte mein kahin blue-black nahi aata, yaani usne starch nahi banaaya.

Kya safed dhabbon mein bilkul chlorophyll nahi hota? Zaroori nahi. Unme shaayad itna kam chlorophyll ho ki iodine test mein dikhne laayak starch na bane.

Table 10.2 se kya nishkarsh nikalta hai? Starch sirf wahin banta hai jahan chlorophyll ho, aur sirf dhoop mein. Khaana banaane ke liye chlorophyll zaroori hai, isiliye patton ko paudhon ki food factory kehte hain.

Hawa ka kaam (pages 143–144)

Khaana banaane ke liye hawa ki kaunsi gas zaroori hai? Carbon dioxide.

Activity 10.4: Table 10.3 ke liye sample observations.

Patte ka hissa	Paani, chlorophyll, dhoop, carbon dioxide → starch
Bottle ke andar	haan, haan, haan, nahi → starch nahi
Bottle ke bahar	haan, haan, haan, haan → starch hai

Ye experiment kya dikhata hai? Dono hisson mein sirf carbon dioxide ka fark tha, jise bottle ke andar caustic soda ne hata diya. Isliye starch banaane ke liye hawa ki carbon dioxide zaroori hai.

Activities 10.3 aur 10.4 milkar kya dikhaati hain? Starch kaunsa hissa banaata hai? Dhoop, chlorophyll, carbon dioxide aur paani, sab zaroori hain, aur starch hare hisson mein, khaas kar patton mein, banta hai. Chlorophyll waale doosre hare hisse bhi khaana bana sakte hain.

Oxygen nikalti hai (page 145)

Activity 10.5: set-up A aur B mein kya fark dikhta hai? Set-up A mein, dhoop mein, paani ke paudhe se bulbule uthte hain aur test tube ke upar gas jama hoti hai. Set-up B mein, andhere mein, bulbule nahi bante.

Ye kaunsi gas hai? Oxygen. Isme jalti teeli aur tez jalti hai. Yaani photosynthesis, jo roshni mein hota hai, ke dauraan oxygen nikalti hai.

Photosynthesis aur stomata (pages 146–147)

Paudhe ka kaunsa hissa carbon dioxide aur oxygen ka aadaan-pradaan karta hai? Patte ki satah pe chhote ched, jinhe stomata kehte hain.

Activity 10.6: microscope mein patte ki jhilli mein kya dikhta hai? Neeche ki satah ki koshikaon ke beech kai chhote ched, yaani stomata. (Extra: har ched do sem ke beej jaisi guard cells ke beech hota hai.)

Paudhon mein transport (pages 147–148)

Jadon dwara liya paani aur minerals saare hisson tak kaise pahunchte hain? Xylem naam ki patli, nali jaisi banaavat se, jo jadon se tane ke raaste patton tak jaati hai.

Activity 10.7: agle din kya dikhta hai? Hisse laal kaise hue? Glass B ki tehni ke tane, patton ki nason aur phoolon mein laal rang dikhta hai; saade paani waali tehni nahi badalti. Laal paani xylem se upar chadha. Paani ke upar tane ko aar-paar kaatne pe laal dhabbe dikhte hain, jo xylem ki naliyan hain.

Khaana paudhe ke doosre hisson tak kaise pahunchta hai? Ek aur tarah ki patli naliyon, phloem, se, jo patton se khaana har hisse tak le jaata hai. Kuch khaana jadon aur beejon jaise hisson mein jama hota hai.

Kya paudhe respiration karte hain? (page 149)

Activity 10.8: kya dono test tubes ka lime water doodhiya hota hai? Flask se judi tube kyun doodhiya hoti hai? Nahi. Sirf ankurit beejon ke flask se juda lime water doodhiya hota hai; khuli tube saaf rehti hai. Ankurit beej respiration karte hain aur carbon dioxide chhodte hain, jo flask mein jama hokar lime water ko doodhiya karti hai.

Let Us Enhance Our Learning (pages 150–152)

1. Photosynthesis aur respiration ki tulna ki table poori karo.

• Kachcha maal: photosynthesis carbon dioxide aur paani leta hai (dhoop aur chlorophyll ke saath); respiration glucose aur oxygen leta hai.
• Utpaad: photosynthesis glucose (starch ban kar jama) aur oxygen deta hai; respiration carbon dioxide, paani aur energy deta hai.
• Word equation: photosynthesis, carbon dioxide + paani → glucose + oxygen (dhoop, chlorophyll); respiration, glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + paani + energy.
• Mahatva: photosynthesis paudhe ke liye, aur phir jaanwaron ke liye, khaana banaata hai aur hawa mein oxygen jodta hai; respiration badhat aur har jeevan kriya ke liye khaane se energy nikaalta hai.

2. Agar photosynthesis karne waale saare jeev gaayab ho jaayein to? Naya khaana nahi banega, isliye pehle paudhe khaane waale jaanwar bhookhe marenge, phir unhe khaane waale. Hawa ki oxygen ki bharpaai nahi hogi jabki respiration use khatm karta rahega aur carbon dioxide badhata rahega. Dheere-dheere lagbhag saari jeevit cheezein mar jaayengi.

3. Aaloo ka starch kahan se aata hai? Khaana patton mein photosynthesis se, pehle glucose ke roop mein, banta hai. Wo phloem se neeche aaloo tak jaata hai aur wahan starch ban kar jama hota hai, isiliye aaloo ka tukda iodine se blue-black hota hai. (Extra: aaloo ek phoola hua zameen ke neeche ka tana hai, jise tuber kehte hain.)

4. Kya chaude, chapte patte photosynthesis mein madad karte hain? Kaaran do. Haan. Chauda, chapta patta dhoop ke saamne badi satah phailaata hai, isliye zyaada chlorophyll roshni pakadta hai. Bade, patle patte mein kai stomata ki jagah bhi hoti hai, isliye carbon dioxide uski saari koshikaon tak aasaani se pahunchti hai. Zyaada roshni aur carbon dioxide matlab zyaada khaana.

5. X + Y → carbon dioxide + Z + energy. X, Y aur Z kya hain? Ye respiration hai: X glucose, Y oxygen aur Z paani hai.

6. Krishna ke do gamle, ek dhoop mein aur ek andhere kamre mein. (i) Wo jaanch rahi hai ki kya paudhe ko swasth rehne aur khaana banaane ke liye dhoop chahiye. (ii) Dhoop waala paudha hara, seedha aur swasth hai; andhere waale ke patte pheeke peele hain aur wo kamzor aur jhuka hua dikhta hai. (iii) Dhoop mein rakhe paudhe ke patte iodine se blue-black honge, yaani starch hai. Andhere waala paudha starch nahi bana sakta aur jo tha wo khatm kar deta hai.

7. Vani ke chaar set-up, sabme kaafi paani. (i) Starch sirf (a) mein banega, dhoop aur carbon dioxide ke saath. (ii) Starch (b), (c) aur (d) mein nahi banega: (b) mein carbon dioxide nahi, (c) mein roshni nahi, aur (d) mein dono nahi. (iii) Oxygen sirf (a) mein niklegi. (iv) (b), (c) aur (d) mein oxygen nahi niklegi, kyunki photosynthesis nahi hota. Ye uske vichaar ka samarthan karta hai. Theek jaanch ke liye paudhon ko pehle andhere mein destarch karna chahiye.

8. Ananya ki chaar test tubes, carbon dioxide indicator ke saath. Wo pata karna chahti hai ki ghonga aur paani ka paudha paani mein carbon dioxide ki maatra kaise badalte hain: ghonga respiration mein carbon dioxide chhodta hai, aur paudha photosynthesis mein carbon dioxide istemaal karta hai. Sirf paani waali tube D control hai. Tubes ko 2–3 ghante roshni mein rakh kar wo har tube ka rang uske shuru ke rang se aur D se milaati hai. Tube A ka rang sabse zyaada badalna chahiye, yaani zyaada carbon dioxide; tube B mein shuru se kam carbon dioxide dikhni chahiye; tube C mein kam badlaav, kyunki paudha ghonge ki chhodi carbon dioxide istemaal kar leta hai; aur tube D nahi badlegi. Nateeje aise hi aayein to wo sahi hai. Wo test dohra sakti hai, aur ek set andhere mein bhi rakh sakti hai, jahan paudha carbon dioxide lena band kar deta hai.

9. Experiment banao jo dikhaaye ki paani garam ya thandi haalat mein zyaada tezi se upar chadhta hai. Safed phoolon waali do ek jaisi tehniyan, paani ke andar kaati hui, aur barabar paani aur barabar lal syahi waale do glass lo. Ek glass garam paani ki tray mein aur doosra barf jaise thande paani ki tray mein rakho, ek hi kamre aur ek jaisi roshni mein. Dekho ki har tehni mein laal dhaariyan pehli baar kab dikhti hain, aur barabar samay, maan lo do ghante, ke baad dono tane ek hi oonchaai pe kaat kar milaao ki laal rang kitna upar chadha. Baaki sab kuch ek jaisa rakho aur ek baar dohraao. Jo tez ho, wahi haalat paani ko jaldi upar chadhaati hai. (Extra: aam taur pe garam waali, kyunki garam patton se zyaada paani udta hai aur paani ko tezi se upar kheenchta hai.)

10. Photosynthesis aur respiration prakriti mein santulan kaise rakhte hain? Photosynthesis carbon dioxide leta hai aur oxygen chhodta hai; paudhon, jaanwaron aur doosre jeevon ka respiration oxygen leta hai aur carbon dioxide chhodta hai. Photosynthesis wo khaana banaata hai jise respiration energy ke liye todta hai. Kyunki har prakriya wo istemaal karti hai jo doosri chhodti hai, hawa mein oxygen aur carbon dioxide ki maatra lagbhag sthir rehti hai, aur saari jeevit cheezon tak khaana aur energy pahunchti rehti hai.

Exploratory Projects (page 152)

1. Bottle garden. Ek badi saaf, paardarshi bottle mein pehle chhote kankad, phir koyla aur bagiche ki mitti daalo, ek chhota spider plant ya jade plant lagaao, halka paani do aur aisi jagah rakho jahan tez roshni mile par kadi dhoop nahi. Achhi tarah badhne lage to bottle band kar do. Agar paudha badhta rahe, to wo apne respiration ki carbon dioxide photosynthesis mein aur photosynthesis ki oxygen respiration mein istemaal kar raha hai. (Extra: paani bhi andar ghoomta rehta hai, patton aur mitti se udkar glass pe se waapas neeche bahta hai.)

2. Fasalon ke liye paudhon ki prakriyaayein kyun zaroori hain. Photosynthesis wo saara khaana banaata hai jo anaaj, phal aur sabziyon mein pahunchta hai, isliye fasalon ko kaafi dhoop (sahi doori pe bowaai) aur paani chahiye. Xylem se transport mitti se paani aur khaad ke minerals patton tak laata hai, isliye sinchaai aur achhi mitti zaroori hain. Phloem anaaj, phal aur kand ko khaane se bharta hai. Respiration badhat ke liye energy deta hai; jadon ko mitti mein hawa chahiye, isliye jutaai madad karti hai aur paani ka bharaav nuksaan karta hai (Extra).

3. Greenhouse ki yatra. Dekho ki ugaane waale roshni (tez dhoop mein shade net, kabhi lamps), paani (drip ya sprinkler pipes aur dhund), hawa aur carbon dioxide (vents aur pankhe kholna-band karna; kuch log extra carbon dioxide bhi daalte hain, Extra) aur taapmaan kaise niyantrit karte hain. Poochho ki wo kaunsi fasalen ugaate hain aur dhaki jagah kaise madad karti hai.