Surya grahan aur chandra grahan

Kya koi Sun ko rok sakta hai?

Din aur raat, seasons aur khud jeevan dhoop pe nirbhar hain. Kya koi cheez uske raaste mein aa sakti hai? Earth aur Sun ke beech ke do grah, Mercury aur Venus, bahut chhote dikhte hain. Jab Venus Sun ke aage se guzarta hai, to chamakdaar Sun pe chalta ek chhota kaala dot dikhta hai, ek kam hone waali ghatna jise Transit of Venus kehte hain. Par Moon, jo Earth ke chakkar lagaata hai jaise Earth Sun ke, Sun ko poora rok sakta hai.

Angootha sir chhupa sakta hai

Ek dost ko lagbhag 5 metre door khada karo. Ek aankh band karo aur haath seedha karke angootha upar karo: wo tumhare dost ka poora sir dhak sakta hai. Koi cheez kitni badi dikhti hai, yaani uska apparent size, uske asli size aur doori dono pe nirbhar hai. Moon Sun se bahut chhota hai, par bahut zyaada paas bhi hai, isliye hamare aasmaan mein dono lagbhag ek jitne dikhte hain. Isiliye Moon Sun ko chhupa sakta hai.

Surya grahan

Kabhi kabhi Moon Sun aur Earth ke beech aakar dhoop ko ham tak pahunchne se rok deta hai: ye surya grahan hai. Moon ki parchhaai Earth ke sirf ek chhote hisse pe padti hai. Wahan ke log poora Sun chhupa dekhte hain, yaani total surya grahan, aur kuch minute ke liye din mein andhera ho jaata hai. Aas paas ke bade hisse ke log Sun ko aadha dhaka dekhte hain, yaani partial surya grahan. Earth ke rotate karne aur Moon ke apni orbit mein chalne se parchhaai Earth pe aage badhti hai, isliye kisi jagah totality sirf kuch minute rehti hai. Jaise hi Moon hatne lagta hai, ek kinaare se Sun ka chamakta bindu jhaankta hai, diamond ring, aur roshni laut aati hai.

Surakshit tareeke se dekhna

Grahan mein bhi Sun itna tez hota hai ki aankhon ko nuksaan pahuncha sakta hai aur andhapan la sakta hai. Use kabhi seedhe mat dekho, aur dhoop ke chashme, binoculars ya telescope se bhi kabhi nahi. Planetarium aur astronomy club khaas aankh suraksha aur samjhaane ke saath grahan dekhne ke programme karte hain. Teacher ek chhota mirror aadhi ret bhari khokhli ball pe chipka kar, tape ke chhalle pe rakhkar, Sun ka image deewar pe daal sakte hain, aur ball ghuma kar Sun ke saath image ko banaaye rakh sakte hain. Dhyaan rakho ki chamak kisi ki aankh mein na jaaye.

Chandra grahan

Moon Earth ka chakkar lagaata hai, aur kabhi kabhi Earth Sun aur Moon ke beech aa jaati hai aur uski parchhaai poore chaand pe padti hai: ye chandra grahan hai. Jab poora Moon Earth ki parchhaai ke andar hota hai, to total chandra grahan hota hai, aur Moon parchhaai se nikalne tak gehra laal dikhta hai. Jab Moon ka sirf ek hissa parchhaai mein ho, to ye partial chandra grahan hai. Sun ke ulat, grahan waale chaand ko nange aankh se surakshit dekha ja sakta hai.

Grahan, tab aur ab

Sanskrit aur kai Indian bhashaon mein eclipse ko grahan kehte hain. Bahut pehle, jab iski wajah pata nahi thi, log isse darte the, aur kai jagah grahan ke dauraan khaana, pakaana ya baahar jaana mana tha. Phir bhi puraane Indian khagolvid grahan ka samay pehle se nikaal lete the; Sanskrit shlokon mein likha Surya Siddhanta unka sabse jaana maana granth hai. Aaj vaigyanik grahan dekhne duniya bhar mein jaate hain. Indian astronomy ke pita kehlaane waale M. K. Vainu Bappu ne bhi aisa kiya, aur 1899 mein bani Kodaikanal Solar Observatory sau saal se zyaada se Sun ka record rakh rahi hai. Stellarium computer app batata hai ki tumhari jagah se aane waale grahan kab dikhenge.

Ye kyun zaroori hai

Grahan kyun hote hain, ye jaanna darr ko hairaani mein badal deta hai, aur unhe kaise dekhein, ye jaanna aankhon ko bachaata hai. Earth ki chaal din aur saal kaise banaati hai, ye rotation aur revolution aur seasons kyun badalte hain? mein dekho. Textbook ke sawaalon ke jawab Chapter 12 ke NCERT solutions mein hain; poore Chapter 12 ke notes dekho.