Acids, bases aur indicators
Short mein jawab
Acidic padaarth khatte hote hain aur neeli litmus ko laal karte hain; basic padaarth kadve, chikne hote hain aur laal litmus ko neela karte hain; neutral padaarth kisi ko nahi badalte. Indicator, jaise lichens se milne waala litmus, acid aur base mein alag rang dikhaata hai, isliye bina chakhe padaarth ki prakriti bata deta hai.
Koi sawal atak gaya? Photo lo, Lagnever AI step-by-step samjhayega. 7 din ka trial sirf ₹2. Google Play se app lo
Teen tarah ke padaarth
Rasoi mein dekho: nimbu ka ras, saabun, cheeni, sirka, baking soda. Chemist aise padaarthon ko unki prakriti ke hisaab se teen samoohon mein baantte hain. Acidic padaarthon mein acid hote hain, basic padaarthon mein base hote hain, aur neutral padaarth dono mein se kuch nahi. Farq aankh se nahi dikhta, aur chakhna khatarnaak hai, isliye hum indicator use karte hain: aisi cheez jo rang badalkar batati hai.
Litmus test
Litmus, lichens se milne waala prakritik rang, ghol ke roop mein aur neeli aur laal kaagaz ki pattiyon ke roop mein milta hai. Namoona jaanchne ke liye dono kaagazon ke chhote tukde kaato, unhe saaf, sookhi safed tile pe rakho aur dropper se har tukde pe namoone ki ek boond daalo.
- Agar neela litmus laal ho jaaye, namoona acidic hai: sirka, nimbu ka ras, imli ka paani aur amla ka ras.
- Agar laal litmus neela ho jaaye, namoona basic hai: baking soda ka ghol, saabun ka ghol, washing powder ka ghol aur choone ka paani.
- Agar koi kaagaz na badle, namoona neutral hai: nal ka paani, cheeni ka ghol aur namak ka ghol.
Litmus acid mein ek rang aur base mein doosra rang leta hai, isliye ye acid-base indicator hai. Namoonon mein se ek, choone ka paani, banaana aasaan hai: choona (calcium oxide) paani mein milaao, lagbhag ek ghanta chhod do aur chhaan lo. Ye calcium hydroxide ka ghol hai, aur iska nimbu jaise phal lime se koi lena-dena nahi.
Litmus kahan se aata hai
Lichens chattaanon aur ped ki chhaal pe papdi ya patti jaise dhabbon jaise dikhte hain. Har lichen do jeevon, ek fungus aur ek alga, ki saajhedaari hai. Inhe bharpoor baarish aur saaf hawa chahiye, isliye aas-paas ke pedon pe inka milna achhe paryaavaran ki nishaani hai.
Khatte acid, kadve base
Acidic samooh ke saare khaane waale namoone khatte hain, isliye khatta swaad is baat ka ishaara hai ki khaane mein acid hai. Santare aur nimbu mein citric acid hai; amla mein ascorbic acid (vitamin C) aur citric acid; kachche aam aur imli mein tartaric acid; tamatar mein citric aur oxalic acid; dahi mein lactic acid; aur sirke mein acetic acid.
Doosri taraf, base aam taur pe kadve aur saabun jaise chikne hote hain: baking soda ka ghol ungliyon ke beech ragdo to mehsoos hoga. Par ye ishaara ek hi taraf kaam karta hai. Karela base hue bina kadva hai. Isliye jaanchne ke liye kuch mat chakho, aur anjaan padaarth to kabhi nahi.
Doosre indicators
Ghar mein litmus na ho to paudhe madad karte hain. Red rose extract acid mein laal aur base mein hara hota hai, aur haldi base mein laal hoti hai. Ye aur doosre ghar ke bane indicators natural indicators kaise banayein mein samjhaaye gaye hain. Laboratory mein synthetic indicators bhi use hote hain, jinke baare mein aage ki classes mein padhoge.
Ye kyun zaroori hai
Koi cheez acidic hai ya basic, ye jaanna saaf-safaai ki cheez chunne, cheenti ke kaatne ka ilaaj karne ya baagh ki mitti theek karne mein kaam aata hai. Acid aur base ek doosre ko kaise khatm karte hain ye neutralisation kya hai mein dekho. Kitaab ke har sawaal ka jawab Chapter 2 ke NCERT solutions mein hai; poore Chapter 2 ke notes bhi dekho.
Practice karo
-
Kaunsa namoona laal litmus ko neela karta hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Choone ka paani
-
Litmus kisse milta hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Lichens se
-
Dahi mein kaunsa acid hota hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) Lactic acid
-
Koi namoona na neeli na laal litmus ko badalta hai. Uski prakriti kya hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Wo neutral hai: na acidic na basic. Nal ka paani, cheeni ka ghol aur namak ka ghol aise hi hote hain.
-
Baking soda ka ghol ungliyon ke beech kaisa lagta hai, aur isse kya pata chalta hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Ye saabun jaisa chikna lagta hai. Basic padaarth aam taur pe chikne hote hain, aur ye baat baking soda ke laal litmus ko neela karne se mel khaati hai.
Students ke sawal
Acid-base indicator kya hai?
Aisa padaarth jo acidic ghol mein ek rang aur basic ghol mein doosra rang leta hai. Litmus sabse jaana-pehchaana udaaharan hai: acid neeli litmus ko laal aur base laal litmus ko neela karte hain. Kuch indicator prakritik hain, jaise red rose extract aur haldi; doosre, jinhe synthetic indicators kehte hain, laboratory mein bante hain.
Neela aur laal, dono litmus paper kyun chahiye?
Har kaagaz sirf ek tarah ka badlaav dikhata hai. Neela litmus sirf acid se laal hota hai, aur laal litmus sirf base se neela. Neutral padaarth kisi ko nahi badalta, isliye namoone ko acidic, basic ya neutral mein baantne ke liye dono kaagaz chahiye.
Lichens kya hote hain?
Jab ek fungus aur ek alga saath rehte hain to lichen banta hai. Ye bharpoor baarish aur saaf hawa waali jagahon pe chattaanon aur ped ki chhaal pe ugte hain. Sabse aam indicator litmus inhi se milta hai.
Koi sawal atak gaya?
Photo lo, Lagnever AI step-by-step samjhayega. 7 din ka trial sirf ₹2.
Google Play se app lo Browser mein kholo
Parents ke liye: trial ke baad plan har mahine UPI ya card autopay se renew hota hai. App mein kabhi bhi cancel kar sakte hain.