NCERT Solutions Class 7 Social Science Chapter 1: Geographical Diversity of India (Hinglish)

Exploring Society: India and Beyond Grade 7 Part 1 (Reprint 2026-27) ke Chapter 1, Geographical Diversity of India, ke har sawaal ke jawab: Big Questions, har Let’s Explore aur Let’s Remember sawaal, Don’t Miss Out ki paheli, aur saare nau sawaal aur activities. Page numbers kitaab ke hisaab se hain (pages 1–25). Jo jawab tumhari jagah pe nirbhar hain, wo namoone ki tarah diye gaye hain. Chhote notes: Chapter 1 ke notes.

The Big Questions (page 1)

1. India ke kuch mukhya bhaugolik features kya hain? Uttar mein Himalaya, saath mein Ladakh ka thanda registan; upjaau Gangetic (Northern) Plains; pashchim mein Thar registan, uske poorab mein bahut puraani Aravalli pahaadiyan; Western aur Eastern Ghats ke beech Peninsular Plateau; lamba samudri tat, pashchim mein estuary aur poorab mein delta aur lagoon; Lakshadweep aur Andaman aur Nicobar dweep; Sundarbans delta; aur Northeast ki pahaadiyan.

2. India ki bhaugolik vividhta hamaari zindagi pe kya asar daalti hai? Lagbhag har cheez pe: log kahan rehte hain (maidaanon mein bheed, oonche pahaadon mein kam log), kya kaam karte hain (maidaanon mein kheti, tat pe machhli, pathaar pe khanan, Ladakh mein yak paalan), unke ghar (pahaadon mein kath-kuni ghar), khaana aur kapde, paani kaise paate hain (Thar mein taanka), kaise safar karte hain, aur unke tyohaar aur aastha, jaise pavitra nadiyan aur pahaad.

Let’s Explore (page 2)

Kitaab ke aakhir ke physical map pe kya dikhta hai? Uttar mein oonche pahaad, unke neeche chaude maidaan, pashchim mein registan, dakshin mein pahaadiyon se ghira ooncha pathaar, dono samudron ke kinaare coastal plains, aur dweepon ke do samooh. Pahaad, maidaan aur pathaar, teeno dikhte hain. Rang samudra tal se oonchaai batate hain: legend ke hisaab se hara neechi zameen, peela aur bhoora oonchi zameen, aur sabse gehre rang sabse oonche pahaad; neela paani hai.

Let’s Explore (page 3)

India kis latitude aur longitude pe hai? Lagbhag 8°N se 37°N aur 68°E se 97°E ke beech (Extra: mukhya bhoobhaag lagbhag 8°4′N se 37°6′N aur 68°7′E se 97°25′E tak). Tropic of Cancer desh ke beech se guzarti hai.

Physical map pe features pehchaano. Uttar mein Himalaya; pashchim mein Thar registan aur Arabian Sea; dakshin mein Indian Ocean; aur poorab mein Bay of Bengal.

Legend se Himalaya ki oonchaai. Maidaanon ke paas ki pahaadiyan sirf kuch sau metre oonchi hain, beech ki ranges kuch hazaar metre, aur sabse oonchi chotiyan 8,000 m se oopar, sabse gehre rang mein.

Let’s Remember (page 4)

Duniya ka sabse ooncha pahaad kaunsa hai? Mount Everest, Nepal aur China ki seema pe, Himadri ka hissa. Extra: ye lagbhag 8,849 m ooncha hai; lagbhag 8,586 m oonchi Kanchenjunga India ki sabse oonchi choti hai.

Let’s Explore (page 6)

Himalaya ke alag hisson mein kaunse rajya hain? Pashchim se poorab Himalaya Ladakh aur Jammu and Kashmir union territories, aur Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, West Bengal ki uttari pahaadiyon aur Arunachal Pradesh se guzarte hain. Kitaab ke hill stations Himachal range ko pehchaanne mein madad karte hain: Himachal Pradesh mein Shimla, Uttarakhand mein Nainital aur Mussoorie, aur West Bengal mein Darjeeling. Shivalik ki pahaadiyan Himachal Pradesh aur Uttarakhand jaise rajyon mein maidaanon ke kinaare chalti hain.

Don’t Miss Out (page 11)

Brahmaputra garmiyon mein sookhne ki jagah badi kyun ho jaati hai? Garmiyon mein Himalaya ki barf aur glacier pighalkar isme paani daalte hain, aur uske baad monsoon ki baarish aur paani jod deti hai. Isliye iska bahaav tab badhta hai jab nadi ke chhoti hone ki ummeed hoti hai.

Let’s Explore (page 11)

Satellite tasveer mein roshni maidaanon mein kyun simti hai? Pahaadon ya registan se kahin zyaada log maidaanon mein rehte hain. Samtal, upjaau zameen pe kheti hoti hai, aur kai gaon, kasbe aur bade shehar sadak aur rail se jude hain; raat mein unki roshni chamakti hai.

Let’s Explore (page 12)

Ret ke teele ka aakaar kaisa hota hai, aur ret ka hokar bhi wo aakaar kyun bana rehta hai? Teele ki hawa ki taraf waali dhalaan lambi aur halki hoti hai, aur doosri, aad waali taraf chhoti aur khadi, aksar aadhe chaand jaisi mudi hui. Hawa halki dhalaan pe ret ko upar dhakelti rehti hai; choti pe pahunchkar ret khadi taraf phisalti hai jab tak aisi dhalaan pe na tike jahan wo ruk sake. Kyunki wahi hawa baar baar wahi kaam karti hai, teela pahaadi jaisa aakaar banaaye rakhta hai, bhale hi dheere dheere khisakta rahe.

Let’s Explore (pages 14–15)

Thar registan se poorab ki taraf chalo. Kya Aravalli pahaadiyan dikhti hain? Haan: registan ke poorvi kinaare ke saath, Delhi ke paas uttar-poorab se Gujarat tak dakshin-pashchim mein, pahaadiyon ki ek lambi patti chalti hai.

Ye range kin rajyon mein faili hai? Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan aur Gujarat.

Let’s Explore (page 16)

Nadiyon ke behne ki disha dekho. Prayadweep ki zyaadatar nadiyan, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna aur Kaveri, pashchim se poorab behkar Bay of Bengal mein girti hain, kyunki pathaar poorab ki taraf jhuka hai. Narmada aur Tapti apvaad hain: ye pashchim ki taraf Arabian Sea mein behti hain.

Let’s Explore (page 17)

Physical map pe janjaati samudaayon waale rajya dhoondho. Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra aur Gujarat zyaadatar madhya aur dakshini India ke jangal waale pathaar aur pahaadiyon pe hain; West Bengal ke pashchimi zile bhi isi pathaar ko chhoote hain; aur Assam Northeast ki Brahmaputra ghaati mein hai. Yaani in samudaayon ka bada hissa pathaar ke pahaadi, jangal waale hisson mein, prakriti ke paas rehta hai.

Let’s Explore (page 19)

Bay of Bengal mein girne waali paanch nadiyan. Ganga, Brahmaputra, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna aur Kaveri mein se koi bhi paanch.

India ke coastal rajya. West coast pe: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka aur Kerala. East coast pe: Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha aur West Bengal. Extra: Puducherry, Daman and Diu, Lakshadweep, aur Andaman aur Nicobar union territories ka bhi samudri tat hai.

Pashchimi aur poorvi coastal plains mein farq. Pashchimi maidaan patla hai, kyunki Western Ghats samudra ke paas hain; iski chhoti, tez nadiyan estuary, creek aur cove banaati hain. Poorvi maidaan chauda hai; iski lambi nadiyan bade delta banaati hain, aur yahan Chilika aur Pulicat jaise lagoon hain.

Tat ke paas nadiyon ke kai dhaaraon mein bantne ko kya kehte hain? In dhaaraon ko distributaries kehte hain, aur inki banaayi zameen delta hai.

Questions and activities (pages 24–25)

1. India ke do mahatvapoorn bhaugolik features, aur kyun. Namoona jawab: Himalaya, kyunki ye uttar ki raksha karte hain, hamaari jalvaayu ko aakaar dete hain aur Water Tower of Asia ki tarah Ganga, Indus aur Brahmaputra ko pighli barf ka paani dete hain; aur Northern Plains, kyunki inki upjaau mitti India ka bahut sa anaaj ugaati hai aur yahan desh ke logon ka bada hissa rehta hai. (Khanijon aur jangalon waala Peninsular Plateau, ya bandargahon aur machhli waala lamba tat, bhi achhe vikalp hain.)

2. Himalaya na hote to India kaisa hota? Namoona note: Uttar mein koi badi deewar na hoti. Ganga jaisi barf se bharne waali nadiyon mein garmiyon mein bahut kam paani hota, isliye maidaan sookhe aur kam upjaau hote, kheti aur log kam hote. Extra: Central Asia ki barfeeli hawaayein seedhe aa jaatin, jisse sardiyan zyaada thandi hotin, aur monsoon ke baadal na rukte, isliye uttar mein baarish kam hoti. India ki jalvaayu, sanskriti aur itihaas, sab bahut alag hote.

3. India ko “mini-continent” kyun kehte hain? Kyunki ek hi desh mein lagbhag har tarah ka bhoo-drishya hai jo poore mahadweep mein milta: barf waali chotiyan, thanda aur garam registan, nadiyon ke bade maidaan, puraani pahaadiyan, puraana pathaar, varshavan, estuary aur delta waale lambe tat, aur coral aur jwaalaamukhi dweep. Inke saath kai jalvaayu, paudhe, jaanwar aur jeevan ke tareeke aate hain. Ye bada bhi hai, saatwaan sabse bada desh, aur upmahadweep ko apna naam deta hai.

4. Kisi badi nadi ke saath udgam se samudra tak chalo: log ise kaise use karte hain? Ganga ka namoona: Bhagirathi ke udgam Gaumukh pe teerthyaatri aur trekkers glacier dekhne jaate hain; pahaadon mein tez paani se turbine ghoomti hain aur bijli banti hai, aur rafting aur paryatan hota hai; maidaanon mein ye kheton ko seenchti hai aur gharon, kasbon aur factoriyon ko paani deti hai, aur naavein saamaan aur log dhoti hain; kinaaron pe ghaat, mele aur tyohaar hote hain aur log machhli pakadte hain; delta mein Sundarbans se machhli aur shahad milta hai; aur Bay of Bengal pe bandargah duniya se vyaapaar karte hain.

5. Dakshini India ko peninsular plateau kyun kehte hain? Ye pathaar hai kyunki ye oonchi uthi zameen hai jiska upari hissa lagbhag samtal hai, aur kinaare pe Western aur Eastern Ghats ki khadi dhalaanein hain. Ye prayadweep hai kyunki iske teen taraf paani hai: pashchim mein Arabian Sea, poorab mein Bay of Bengal aur dakshin mein Indian Ocean.

6. Tumhe kaunsi UNESCO Heritage Site rochak lagi? Sundarbans pe namoona paragraph: Mujhe Sundarbans sabse rochak laga kyunki ye paani mein ugne waala jangal hai. Ganga aur Brahmaputra ke muhaane pe mangrove ped khambhon jaisi jadon pe anginat dhaaraon ke beech khade hain, jahan nadi aur samudra milte hain. Iska lagbhag aadha India mein aur aadha Bangladesh mein hai, aur ye Royal Bengal Tiger ka ghar hai. Chapter ki baaki sites hain Great Himalayan National Park, Jaisalmer Fort aur Western Ghats.

7. Kisi physical feature se apni jagah batao. Political map pe apna shehar dhoondho, phir physical map pe usi jagah dekho aur landform aur sabse paas ki nadi ya pahaadiyan note karo. Namoone: “Mera ghar Patna mein hai, Gangetic Plains pe, Ganga ke kinaare”; “Pune Deccan Plateau pe hai, Western Ghats ke theek poorab mein”; “Jodhpur Thar registan mein hai”; “Kochi west coast pe hai, Western Ghats aur Arabian Sea ke beech”; “Shimla Himalaya ki Himachal range mein hai”.

8. India mein khaana sambhaalne ke tareeke (class project). Tareeke wahan ke mausam aur upaj ke hisaab se hote hain. Namoone: sookhe, dhoop waale Thar mein ker-sangri jaisi phaliyan aur ber dhoop mein sukhaaye jaate hain; poore India mein sabzi, aam aur nimbu ka namak, tel aur masaalon mein achaar daala jaata hai; tat pe machhli namak lagaakar sukhaayi jaati hai; thande pahaadon mein khubaani aur sabziyan sardiyon ke liye sukhaayi jaati hain; Northeast ke kuch hisson mein maans rasoi ki aag pe dhuaan dekar rakha jaata hai aur baans ki kopalein khameer ki jaati hain; aur kai ghar papad aur badiyan banaate hain, ya anaaj mitti ki badi kothiyon mein rakhte hain. Class chart banao: tareeka, kshetra, aur wo us jagah ke liye kyun theek hai.

9. Bhoogol ne India ko jodne mein kaise madad ki? Himalaya aur samudra India ko saajhi prakritik seemaayein dete hain. Ganga jaisi nadiyan kai kshetron ko jodti hain aur hazaaron saal se vyaapaar aur safar ka raasta rahi hain. Kshetra ek doosre pe nirbhar hain: maidaanon se anaaj, tat se machhli aur namak, pathaar se khanij aur Himalaya ki nadiyon se paani. Log pavitra nadiyon aur pahaadon ki teerthyaatra ke liye poore desh mein safar karte hain, aur zyaadatar kshetron mein monsoon ki ek hi lay hai. Alag alag bhoo-drishya in tareekon se judkar ek saajhi sanskriti banaate hain.