Class 7 Social Science Chapter 1: Geographical Diversity of India (Hinglish Notes)

Ye chapter kis baare mein hai?

1984 mein antariksh jaane waale pehle Bharatiya Rakesh Sharma se poocha gaya ki upar se India kaisa dikhta hai. Unhone ek mashhoor kavita ke shabdon mein jawab diya, Saare jahan se achchha. Ye chapter bhi waisa hi upar se nazaara dikhata hai. Duniya ke saatwein sabse bade desh India ke upar ye Himalaya se dweepon tak “udta” hai, aur raaste mein kuch jagahon ko paas se dikhata hai. Padhte waqt kitaab ke aakhir ka physical map khula rakho: uske rang batate hain ki zameen kitni oonchi hai.

Apne padosiyon ke saath India Indian subcontinent banata hai. Prakritik cheezein ise gherti hain: uttar mein Himalaya, pashchim mein Thar registan aur Arabian Sea, dakshin mein Indian Ocean aur poorab mein Bay of Bengal. In sabne India ki jalvaayu, sanskriti aur itihaas ko aakaar diya hai.

Himalaya

Himalaya lagbhag 2,500 km tak ek vishaal deewar ki tarah faile hain, aur inki kai chotiyan 8,000 m se oonchi hain. Ye tab bane jab Gondwana naam ke bade bhoobhaag ka hissa raha India uttar ki taraf khiska aur lagbhag 5 crore saal pehle Eurasia se takra gaya; beech ki zameen dhakelne pe carpet ki tarah sikudkar upar uth gayi. India aaj bhi har saal lagbhag 5 cm dhakel raha hai, isliye pahaad har saal lagbhag 5 mm badhte hain. Inki teen ranges hain: barf waali Himadri, hill stations waali halki Himachal, aur neechi, jangal waali Shivalik. Pighalti barf Ganga, Indus aur Brahmaputra ko paani deti hai, isliye Himalaya ko Water Tower of Asia kehte hain. Aur padho Himalaya kaise bane mein.

Ladakh, ek thanda registan

Registan hamesha garam nahi hote. Ladakh mein bahut kam baarish hoti hai aur sardiyon mein paara −30°C se neeche gir jaata hai. Iski chattaanein kabhi samudra ki tali ka hissa thin, Himalaya ke saath mudkar upar uthin, aur phir hawa aur baarish ne inhe chaand jaise nazaare mein taraash diya. Pangong Tso ek khaari jheel hai. Yahan snow leopard, ibex aur yak rehte hain, aur ye ilaaka apne monasteries aur Losar aur Hemis jaise tyohaaron ke liye jaana jaata hai.

Gangetic Plains

Pahaadon ke dakshin mein chaude, samtal Gangetic yaani Northern Plains hain. Himalaya ki nadiyan paani aur khanij laati hain jo mitti ko bahut upjaau banaate hain, isliye yahan kheti khoob hoti hai aur India ke logon ka bada hissa yahin rehta hai. Samtal zameen pe sadak aur rail banaana bhi aasaan hai, aur nadiyan hazaaron saal se naavon aur vyaapaar ka raasta rahi hain. Raat mein antariksh se dekho to ye maidaan roshni se chamakte hain.

Thar registan aur Aravalli

Pashchim mein Thar hai, 150 m tak oonche ret ke teelon, garam dinon aur thandi raaton ka sookha ilaaka. Yahan log paani ki har boond bachaate hain: bartan ret se maanjte hain aur baarish ka paani taanka naam ke zameen ke andar bane tankon mein jama karte hain. Registan ke poorab mein Aravalli hain, lagbhag 2.5 arab saal puraani, duniya ke sabse puraane pahaadon mein se. Ye registan ko poorab ki taraf badhne se rokti hain aur khanijon se bhari hain; Zawar mein 800 saal se bhi pehle Bharatiya zinc nikaal rahe the.

Peninsular Plateau

India ka tribhuj jaisa dakshini hissa ek bahut puraana pathaar hai jiske teen taraf paani hai, isliye ye prayadweep hai. Oonche Western Ghats west coast ke paas deewar ki tarah khade hain, jabki Eastern Ghats neeche hain aur alag alag pahaadiyon mein bante hain. Pathaar poorab ki taraf jhuka hai, isliye Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri aur Mahanadi Bay of Bengal mein jaati hain, jabki Narmada aur Tapti pashchim ki taraf behti hain. Ye khanijon, jangalon aur jharnon se bhara hai, aur Santhal, Gond, Bhil aur Baiga jaise janjaati samudaayon ka ghar hai. Dekho India ke physical features.

Tat aur dweep

India ka samudri tat 7,500 km se lamba hai. Gujarat se Kerala tak ka patla west coast chhoti, tez nadiyon ka hai jo estuary banaati hain, aur yahan Mumbai jaise vyast bandargah hain. Chauda east coast badi nadiyon ka hai jo upjaau delta banaati hain, aur yahan Chilika aur Pulicat jaise lagoon hain. Samudra mein do dweep samooh hain: Arabian Sea mein Lakshadweep ke 36 coral dweep, aur Bay of Bengal mein Andaman aur Nicobar ke 500 se zyaada jwaalaamukhi dweep, jinme Barren Island India ka akela sakriya jwaalaamukhi hai. Padho India ke coasts aur islands.

Sundarbans aur Northeast

Yaatra poorab mein khatm hoti hai. Ganga aur Brahmaputra ke delta mein Sundarbans hai, Bangladesh ke saath baanta hua mangrove jangal aur Royal Bengal Tiger ka ghar. Thoda aur uttar mein Meghalaya ki Garo, Khasi aur Jaintia pahaadiyon pe duniya ki sabse zyaada baarish mein se kuch hoti hai; yahan ki janjaatiyan ped ki jadon ko bunkar jeevit pul banaati hain, aur Mawlynnong ko Asia ka sabse saaf gaon kaha jaata hai.

Big Questions, har Let’s Explore box aur saare nau sawaalon ke jawab Chapter 1 ke NCERT solutions mein hain.