India ke physical features: pahaadon se samudra tak

Duniya mein India ki jagah

Kshetrafal mein India duniya mein saatwein number pe hai, aur Asia ka hissa hai. Iska mukhya bhoobhaag lagbhag 8°N se 37°N aur 68°E se 97°E tak faila hai (Extra). Uttar mein pahaad, pashchim mein registan aur samudra, dakshin mein mahaasaagar aur poorab mein khaadi ise baaki mahadweep se alag karte hain. Ise samajhne ka achha tareeka hai ek ek kshetra ko dekhna.

Uttar se dakshin

Agar India ko uttar se dakshin kaatkar uska kinaara dekh pao, to pehle oonche pahaad dikhenge, phir neeche samtal maidaan, aur phir ooncha pathaar jo tat tak utarta hai. Kitaab ke aakhir ka physical map yahi baat rangon mein dikhata hai: legend ka har rang oonchaai ki ek seema batata hai.

Uttar ke pahaad

Himalaya lagbhag 2,500 km lambe hain aur inki kai chotiyan 8,000 m se oonchi hain. Ye naye pahaad hain, jo India ke Asia mein dhakelne se ab bhi uth rahe hain. Inki barf aur glacier badi nadiyon ko paani dete hain, aur inki teen ranges, Himadri, Himachal aur Shivalik, barf waali chotiyon se jangal waali pahaadiyon tak utarti hain. Door uttar mein Ladakh ek thanda registan hai, sookha aur jamaane waala, khaari jheelon aur chaand jaisi nangi dhalaanon ke saath.

Northern Plains

Himalaya aur pathaar ke beech Gangetic yaani Northern Plains hain, jinhe Ganga, Indus, Brahmaputra aur unki kai sahaayak nadiyon ne banaaya. Nadiyan khanijon se bhari baareek mitti bichhaati hain, isliye zameen bahut upjaau hai. Isi wajah se maidaan kheton, gaon aur shehron se bhare hain, aur sadak aur rail inhe aasaani se paar karti hain.

Thar registan aur Aravalli

Maidaanon ke pashchim mein Thar registan hai, jo Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab aur Haryana mein faila hai. Hawa ret ko 150 m tak oonche teelon mein dhaalti hai; paani kam hai, isliye log baarish ka paani jama karna aur bahut kam paani mein kaam chalaana seekh gaye hain. Iske poorvi kinaare pe Aravalli pahaadiyan hain. Kabhi ye oonche pahaad the, par lagbhag 2.5 arab saal mein ghiskar zyaadatar 300 se 900 m oonchi pahaadiyan reh gayi hain, aur Mount Abu 1,700 m se oopar hai. Ye registan ko rokti hain aur khanijon se bhari hain.

Peninsular Plateau

India ka dakshin ek puraana, tribhuj jaisa pathaar hai jiske teen taraf paani hai. Western Ghats, jinhe uttar mein Sahyadri kehte hain, oonche aur lagaataar hain, monsoon ki bhaari baarish rokte hain jo unki dhalaanon se jharnon ki tarah girti hai. Eastern Ghats neeche hain aur alag alag pahaadiyon mein bante hain. Inke beech Deccan Plateau hai jo dheere se poorab ki taraf jhuka hai. Isliye Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri aur Mahanadi poorab mein Bay of Bengal mein jaati hain, jabki Narmada aur Tapti pashchim mein Arabian Sea mein. Pathaar mein koyla aur doosre khanij, ghane jangal aur kai janjaati samudaay hain.

Tat, dweep aur Northeast

Prayadweep ke dono taraf coastal plains hain: pashchim mein patla, estuary waala, aur poorab mein chauda, delta aur lagoon waala. Unke aage Lakshadweep ke coral dweep aur Andaman aur Nicobar ke jwaalaamukhi dweep hain. Poorab mein Sundarbans delta aur baarish se bhari Garo, Khasi aur Jaintia pahaadiyan tasveer poori karti hain.

Ye kyun zaroori hai

Har physical feature logon ki zindagi ko aakaar deta hai: wo kya ugaate hain, ghar kaise banaate hain, paani kaise bachaate hain aur kaise safar karte hain. Pahaad kaise bane ye Himalaya kaise bane mein padho, samudra kinaare ki baatein India ke coasts aur islands mein dekho, aur kitaab ke har sawaal ka jawab Chapter 1 ke NCERT solutions mein paao; poore Chapter 1 ke notes bhi dekho.