Himalaya kaise bane aur uski teen ranges

Barf ki deewar

Physical map pe Himalaya India ke uttar mein ek lambi, oonchi deewar jaise dikhte hain, ek sire se doosre tak lagbhag 2,500 km. Iska naam do Sanskrit shabdon se bana hai, hima (barf) aur alaya (nivaas), yaani barf ka ghar. Kai chotiyan 8,000 m se oonchi hain aur Eight Thousanders kehlaati hain. Ye shrinkhala chhe deshon se guzarti hai: Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, China, Nepal aur Bhutan.

Himalaya kaise bane

Bahut pehle India Gondwana naam ke ek vishaal bhoobhaag ka hissa tha, aur Africa uska padosi tha. Wo alag hua aur karodon saal mein dheere dheere uttar ki taraf khiska. Lagbhag 5 crore saal pehle wo Eurasia tak pahuncha aur usse takra gaya. India dhakelta raha, aur dono ke beech ki zameen mudkar upar uthti gayi, bilkul waise jaise deewar ki taraf dhakelne pe carpet mein silvatein padti hain. Pahaadon mein mudi hui chattaanon ki parten ye kahaani saaf dikhati hain.

Dhakelna ruka nahi hai. India aaj bhi har saal lagbhag 5 cm Asia ki taraf khisakta hai, tumhare baal badhne se bhi dheere. Isliye Himalaya ab bhi uth rahe hain, har saal lagbhag 5 mm. Ye bahut chhota lagta hai, par hazaar saal mein 5 m ho jaata hai.

Teen ranges

Himalaya ko uttar se dakshin teen ranges mein baanta jaata hai:

• Himadri yaani Greater Himalayas sabse oonche aur oobad-khaabad hain, Mount Everest aur Kanchenjunga jaisi chotiyon ke saath. Saal bhar barf rehti hai, zindagi kathin hai aur bastiyan kam hain.
• Himachal yaani Lower Himalayas dakshin mein hain aur inki jalvaayu halki hai, isliye paudhe, jaanwar aur log panapte hain. Shimla, Nainital, Mussoorie aur Darjeeling jaise hill stations yahin hain.
• Shivalik Hills yaani Outer Himalayas sabse neechi range hain: jangal waali lehrati pahaadiyan, jaanwaron se bhari, jo Gangetic Plains tak utarti hain.

Water Tower of Asia

Garmiyon mein barf aur glacier pighalte hain aur badi nadiyon ko paani dete hain: Ganga, Indus aur Brahmaputra. Apni sahaayak nadiyon ke saath ye karodon logon ko peene, kheti aur udyog ke liye paani deti hain, isliye Himalaya ko Water Tower of Asia kehte hain. Ganga ki mukhya dhaara Bhagirathi Uttarakhand mein Gangotri Glacier ke kinaare Gaumukh, yaani “gaay ka munh”, se shuru hoti hai, jahan teerthyaatri aur trekkers jaate hain.

Pahaadon mein zindagi

Logon ne pahaadon ke hisaab se samajhdaari se apne aap ko dhaala hai. Pashchimi Himalaya mein kath-kuni ghar, jinhe dhajji-dewari bhi kehte hain, sthaaniya patthar aur lakdi se bante hain jo ghar ko garam rakhte hain aur halke bhookamp jhelne mein madad karte hain. Ladakh mein yak doodh, maans, oon aur gobar dete hain, aur bojh dhote hain. Bahut se logon ke liye pahaad pavitra bhi hain, aur chotiyon ke beech mandir aur monasteries khade hain. Himachal Pradesh ka Great Himalayan National Park, ek UNESCO World Heritage Site, Himalayan monal, snow leopard aur kai doosre jeevon ko bachaata hai, andar ke gaon ki madad se.

Ye kyun zaroori hai

Himalaya India ko paani dete hain, mausam ko aakaar dete hain aur uttar mein prakritik deewar banaate hain. Baaki zameen se ye kaise judte hain ye India ke physical features mein dekho, nadiyon ke saath samudra tak India ke coasts aur islands mein jaao, aur kitaab ke har sawaal ka jawab Chapter 1 ke NCERT solutions mein paao; poore Chapter 1 ke notes bhi dekho.