Class 7 Social Science Part 2 Chapter 2 NCERT Solutions Hinglish mein: India and Her Neighbours

Exploring Society: India and Beyond (2026-27) ke Part 2 Chapter 2, India and Her Neighbours, ke har sawaal ka jawab: Big Questions, har Let’s Explore aur figure ka sawaal, aur saare 8 sawaal aur activities. Page numbers book ke hisaab se hain (pages 29–60). Short notes: Part 2 Chapter 2 ke notes.

The Big Questions (page 29)

1. Padosi kise kehte hain? Kya sirf zameeni seema se? Nahi. Paramparik roop se padosi wo desh hai jiske saath zameeni seema saajha ho, par saajha samudra ke paar ke desh bhi padosi hain, jaise India ke liye Sri Lanka aur Maldives. Padosi saajhe itihaas, sanskriti, vyapar aur milkar jheli jaane waali samasyaaon se bhi bante hain.

2. Bhoogol aur itihaas India ke padosiyon se rishton ko kaise gadhte hain? Bhoogol tay karta hai ki kaun paas hai aur log kaise aa-ja sakte hain: Himalaya India aur China ko alag karta hai, khule maidaan aur nadiyan India ko Nepal aur Bangladesh se jodte hain, aur samudra India ko Sri Lanka, Maldives aur Southeast Asia se. Itihaas rishte bhi deta hai aur zakhm bhi: Buddhism, mahakavyon aur vyapaar ke raaston ne gehre rishte banaaye, jabki 1947 ke Partition ne Pakistan ke saath mushkil rishta chhoda.

3. Aaj India aur uske padosi kaise jude hain? Vyapar, ports aur highways, Bhutan ke hydropower jaise energy projects, open border, tirth yatraon, filmon aur sangeet, SAARC jaise samoohon, aur tsunami chetaavni network jaise aapda sahyog se.

Let’s Explore: India ke aas-paas ka paani (page 30)

India ko gherne waale teen bade jal-kshetron ke naam batao. Pashchim mein Arabian Sea, poorab mein Bay of Bengal aur dakshin mein Indian Ocean.

Kartarpur Corridor (page 36)

Kya Kartarpur Corridor shaanti aur baatcheet ka model ban sakta hai? Haan, chhote paimaane pe. Ye dikhata hai ki mushkil rishte waale padosi bhi aam logon ke liye zaroori ek vyavahaarik kadam pe sehmat ho sakte hain: Guru Nanak ke antim sthaan tak jaane ke liye yatriyon ko visa nahi, sirf permit chahiye. Aise kadam bharosa banaate hain, aur doosre tirthon, vyapar ya parivaaron ke liye bhi aise corridors ban sakte hain. Par akela corridor sangharsh khatm nahi kar sakta; tikau shaanti ke liye aatankwaad ka ant aur lagaatar baatcheet bhi chahiye.

Bhutan ka emblem (page 40)

Bhutan ke emblem mein aur kya jaana-pehchaana lagta hai? Do dragon ke alaava emblem mein ek kamal aur ek doosre ko kaatte vajra, yaani Vajrayana Buddhism ke vajra chinh, hain, aur upar ek ratna hai. Kamal, jo India ka rashtriya phool hai, aur vajra Indian Buddhist aur Hindu kala mein bhi aam hain. (Extra: emblem ke hisson ka varnan.)

Let’s Explore: Bangkok ka airport (page 51)

Airport ka naam Suvarnabhumi hai. Kya ye kuch yaad dilaata hai? Haan. Suvarnabhumi, yaani sone ki dharti, wo naam hai jo puraane Indian vyapaari Southeast Asia ke ilaakon ko dete the. Usi airport ki samudra manthan waali murti bhi ek Indian katha se hai.

Let’s Explore: Singapore mein Tamil (page 53)

Tamil Singapore ki official bhashaaon mein se ek hai. Isse kya pata chalta hai? Ki dakshin India aur Singapore ke rishte lambe aur gehre hain. Sadiyon mein Tamil Nadu se kai vyapaari aur mazdoor wahan base, isliye aaj Singapore ke lagbhag 9% nivaasi Indian mool ke hain, jinme kai Tamil bolte hain, aur unki bhasha ko sarkaari samman milta hai.

Questions and activities (page 60)

1. Samudri padosi kaun hai? India ke liye do udaharan do. Samudri padosi wo desh hai jo saajha samudra ya mahasagar ke paar doosre desh ke saamne ho, chaahe koi zameeni seema na jode. Udaharan: Sri Lanka, Palk Strait ke paar India se sirf lagbhag 32 km, aur Maldives, Lakshadweep ke Minicoy se lagbhag 130 km. Indonesia, Thailand aur Oman bhi aise padosi hain.

2. Buddhism ne India ko padosiyon se kaise joda? Udaharan do.

• Ye lagbhag 1st century CE mein China pahuncha; Faxian aur Xuanzang India mein padhne aaye, aur Bodhidharma, Dharmakshema aur Kumarajiva ne China mein sikhaaya.
• Sri Lanka ko ye 3rd century BCE mein Mahendra aur Sanghamitra se mila.
• Guru Padmasambhava 8th century mein Vajrayana ko Bhutan le gaye, aur Bhutani yatri Bodh Gaya, Rajgir aur Nalanda aate hain.
• Theravada Sri Lanka, Thailand aur Myanmar mein maana jaata hai, aur Mahayana China, Japan aur Korea tak phaila.
• Myanmar mein India ne Bagan ke Ananda mandir ki marammat ki aur Shwedagon Pagoda ko Buddha ki pratikriti di; Afghanistan ki Bamiyan Buddha murtiyan aur Indonesia ka Borobudur Stupa bhi yahi pahunch dikhaate hain.

3. Open border policy ka kya matlab hai? India–Nepal open border seema ke paas rehne waalon ki zindagi pe kya asar daalta hai? Open border wo seema hai jise dono deshon ke log bina passport ya visa paar kar sakein. India–Nepal seema pe dono taraf rehne waale parivaar jude rehte hain; log roz school, aspatal aur kaam ke liye aate-jaate hain; yatri Pashupatinath jaise mandiron mein jaate hain; aur seema ke kasbon mein vyast bazaar aur vyapar hota hai. Dono sarkaarein milkar dhyaan rakhti hain ki open border ka galat istemaal na ho.

4. Udaharan ke saath samjhao ki padosi hona sirf bhoogol ki baat nahi hai. Achhe padosi itihaas, sanskriti aur madad bhi saajha karte hain. Thailand ki India se koi zameeni seema nahi, phir bhi uske kingdoms ke naam Dvaraka aur Ayodhya pe rakhe gaye, uske raja Rama kehlaate hain, aur Ramayana uske shaahi samaarohon mein dikhti hai. Samudra ke paar Maldives mein Sanskrit aur Tamil se aaye Dhivehi shabd hain, aur 2004 ki tsunami aur 2014 ke paani sankat mein India uski madad ko sabse pehle pahuncha. Sabke bhale ke liye milkar kaam karna hi achha padosi banaata hai.

5. India ne apne padosi ilaake ke chhote deshon ki kin tareekon se madad ki hai? Udaharan do.

• Afghanistan: Parliament building, Zaranj–Delaram highway, aur shiksha aur swasthya mein sahaayata.
• Bhutan: Tala Hydroelectric Project, jiski bijli dono deshon ke kaam aati hai.
• Maldives: 2004 ki tsunami, 2014 ke Male paani sankat aur COVID-19 mein jaldi madad.
• Myanmar: bhookamp se toote Bagan ke Ananda mandir ki marammat.
• Nepal: kaam, padhaai aur ilaaj ke liye open border, aur petroleum, dawaaiyan aur khaane ki supply.
• Poora ilaaka: Hyderabad ka Tsunami Early Warning Centre, jo padosiyon ko bhi chetaata hai.

6. Saajhi chunautiyan sahyog ka mauka kaise banti hain? Kya chapter mein udaharan the? Haan. Seemaon ke paar jaane waali samasya milkar hi suljhti hai, isliye wo padosiyon ko saath laati hai.

• 2004 ki tsunami ke baad India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand aur doosron ne saajha chetaavni network banaaya.
• India aur Bangladesh milkar Sundarban ki raksha karte hain, jo badhte samudra ke beech dono ko toofaanon se bachaata hai.
• Badhte samudra se khatre waala Maldives International Solar Alliance mein shaamil hua.
• India aur Bhutan ne saajhi nadiyon ko hydropower mein badla.
• India aur Indonesia samudri daakuon ke khilaaf aur surakshit samudri raaston ke liye saath kaam karte hain.
• India aur Nepal milkar apne open border ko surakshit rakhte hain.

7. Agar seemaayein sirf sanskriti aur rishton se banti, to naksha kaisa dikhta? Usme tez rekhaon ki jagah ek-doosre pe chadhe kshetra hote. Ek Bangla bolne waala kshetra West Bengal aur Bangladesh ko jodta, aur ek Punjabi kshetra India–Pakistan seema ke paar jaata. Ek Tamil kshetra Sri Lanka, Singapore aur Malaysia tak pahunchta, aur ek Buddhist kshetra Ladakh, Sikkim aur Bhutan ko Tibet, Myanmar, Thailand aur Sri Lanka se jodta. Ek Ramayana kshetra Thailand aur Indonesia tak phailta, aur Indian Ocean ka vyapaar kshetra Oman se Indonesia tak jaata. Kai jagahein ek saath kai kshetron mein hoti, jo dikhata ki ye ilaaka kitna juda hua hai.

8. Khaali nakshon pe activities.

• India ke padosiyon ke naam likho: zameeni padosi Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh aur Myanmar, aur samudri padosi Sri Lanka, Maldives, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Iran aur Oman. Sahi seemaon ke liye apni textbook ya atlas ka official naksha istemaal karo.
• Saanskritik bahaav ke teer: jaise India se Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, China aur Bhutan tak Buddhism; Thailand aur Indonesia tak Ramayana; Maldives tak dakshin Indian khaana aur naach; Bangladesh ke saath Bangla; Nepal ke saath Holi, Dashain aur Tihar; aur Iran se India tak Persian bhasha.
• Dosti ki seemaayein: Bangladesh ke saath Ganga–Brahmaputra nadiyan, bijli dene waali Bhutan ki nadiyan, Afghanistan tak Uttarapatha, Bay of Bengal ke paar masaalon ke raaste, aur Thailand tak Trilateral Highway banao.
• Jhande: jhando ki tasveerein ikattha karo aur dekho kya dikhta hai. (Extra) Kai jhando pe aadha chaand hai, jaise Pakistan, Malaysia, Singapore aur Maldives ke. Laal aur safed aam hain, jaise Indonesia aur Singapore ke jhando pe. Nepal ka jhanda akela rashtriya jhanda hai jo chaukor (rectangle) nahi, Bhutan ke jhande pe dragon hai, aur Sri Lanka ke jhande pe talwaar pakde sher hai.