Class 7 Social Science Part 2 Chapter 2: India and Her Neighbours (Hinglish Notes)
Ye chapter 5 lines mein
India and Her Neighbours batata hai ki India ka padosi ilaaka zameen aur samudra dono pe faila hai. Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh aur Myanmar zameeni padosi hain, jabki Sri Lanka, Maldives, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Iran aur Oman samudri padosi. Vyapar, Buddhism, mahakavya, bhashaayein aur khaana inhe hazaaron saalon se jodte aaye hain, aur aaj India kuch ke saath tanaav ke bawajood vyapar, energy, connectivity aur aapda raahat mein unke saath kaam karta hai.
Ye chapter kis baare mein hai?
Chapter Nelson Mandela ke ek vichaar se shuru hota hai: jo ek desh ko prabhavit kare, wo baaki sab ko bhi karta hai. Ye poochhta hai ki kisi desh ko padosi kya banaata hai, bhoogol aur itihaas India ke padosiyon se rishton ko kaise gadhte hain, aur aaj wo kaise jude hain. Ye har zameeni padosi ke paas jaata hai aur phir paas ke samudri padosiyon ke paas, jinke saath India samudra saajha karta hai.
Padosi kaun hai?
Paramparik jawab hai: jiske saath zameeni seema saajha ho. India ki zameeni seema 15,100 km se zyaada lambi hai, aur registaan aur maidaan, jungle aur pahaad, daldal aur nadi ghaatiyon se guzarti hai. Par India ek samudri desh bhi hai, teen taraf samudra se ghira: Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal aur Indian Ocean. Isliye Sri Lanka aur Maldives paani ke paar hamare padosi hain, aur Southeast Asia mein Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore aur Indonesia, aur pashchim mein Iran aur Oman, ek bade samudri padosi ilaake ka hissa hain.
Lagbhag 11,100 km ke samudri tat aur Indian Ocean mein door tak jaate prayadweep ke saath India un vyast samudri raaston pe hai jo Southeast Asia, West Asia aur Africa ko jodte hain. Indian Ocean se duniya ke aadhe container jahaaz aur do-tihaai tel guzarta hai. Ilaake mein shaanti aur tarakki ke liye milkar kaam karne ko regionalism kehte hain.
Zameeni padosi
China, sabse bada padosi, India se Himalaya dwara alag hai. Buddhism lagbhag 1st century CE mein India se China pahuncha; Faxian aur Xuanzang jaise Chinese bhikshu India mein padhne aaye, aur Bodhidharma aur Kumarajiva jaise Indian bhikshuon ne China mein sikhaaya. Vyapar chalta hai, haalaanki China India ko jitna bechta hai, wo India se kharidne ka lagbhag aath guna hai, aur seema pe tanaav baar-baar hota hai. Pakistan 1947 ke Partition tak India ka hissa tha. Yuddhon aur Pakistan-samarthit aatankwaad ne rishte tanaav bhare rakhe, phir bhi Katas Raj mandir aur 2019 mein Sikh yatriyon ke liye khula Kartarpur Corridor dono taraf ke logon ko jodte hain.
1971 mein bana Bangladesh India ke saath Bangla, Ganga–Brahmaputra ki nadiyan aur Sundarban ke mangroves saajha karta hai. Nepal ke saath India ka open border hai, isliye log bina passport ya visa aate-jaate hain. Bhutan, ‘Land of the Thunder Dragon’, Buddhism aur hydroelectric power saajha karta hai, aur apni tarakki Gross National Happiness se naapta hai. Myanmar India ke liye Southeast Asia ka darwaaza hai, aur puraane Uttarapatha raaste se jude Afghanistan ko India ne Parliament building aur Zaranj–Delaram highway mein madad di hai. Aur padho India ke zameeni padosi mein.
Buddhism aur saajhi sanskriti
Puraane India mein Buddhism ki teen shaakhaayein bani. Theravada Sri Lanka, Thailand aur Myanmar tak phaili; Mahayana China, Japan aur Korea tak; aur Vajrayana Tibet aur Bhutan tak, jahan 8th century mein Guru Padmasambhava use le gaye. Mahakavya, tyohaar, bhashaayein, lipiyan aur khaana bhi seemaaon ke paar gaye.
Samudri padosi
Palk Strait ke paar sirf lagbhag 32 km door Sri Lanka ko Ashoka ke bachchon Mahendra aur Sanghamitra se Buddhism mila. Minicoy se lagbhag 130 km door 1,100 se zyaada chhote dweepon waala Maldives dakshin India ke saath khaana, naach aur shabd saajha karta hai; India ne 2004 ki tsunami aur 2014 ke Male paani sankat mein uski madad ki. Thailand ke Dvaravati aur Ayutthaya ke naam Dvaraka aur Ayodhya se aaye, Malaysia ne kabhi Brahmi-adharit lipi apnaayi, Singapore mein Tamil ek official bhasha hai, aur Indonesia apni currency pe Garuda dikhata hai. Pashchim mein Iran ke saath Avesta aur Rigveda ke puraane rishte hain, aur Oman ne 5,000 saal pehle Harappans ke saath taambe ka vyapar kiya. Dekho India ke samudri padosi.
Milkar kaam
1985 mein India aur saat padosiyon ne sahyog ke liye SAARC banaaya, haalaanki tanaav ne aksar iska kaam roka. 2004 ki tsunami ke baad India ne Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand aur doosron ke saath chetaavni network banaaya, jiska Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre Hyderabad mein hai. Uttarapatha, Silk Route aur masaalon ke raaste kabhi is ilaake ko jodte the; naye highways, ports aur power projects ab un rishton ko phir se jagaana chahte hain. Har sawaal ka jawab Part 2 Chapter 2 ke NCERT solutions mein hai.
Key terms (zaroori shabd)
| Term | Matlab |
|---|---|
| Padosi (neighbour) | Bagal ka desh. Paramparik roop se padosi zameeni seema saajha karta hai, par saajha samudra ke paar ke desh bhi padosi hain. |
| Samudri padosi (maritime neighbour) | Aisa desh jo saajha samudra ya mahasagar ke paar doosre desh ke saamne ho, chaahe beech mein zameeni seema na ho, jaise India ke liye Sri Lanka aur Maldives. |
| Regionalism | Ek ilaake ke deshon ka shaanti, sthirta aur saajhi tarakki ke liye milkar kaam karna, jaise vyapar aur aapda raahat mein. |
| Open border | Aisi seema jise dono deshon ke log bina passport ya visa paar kar sakein, jaise India–Nepal seema. |
| Landlocked | Jiske chaaron taraf zameen ho aur koi samudri tat na ho, jaise Afghanistan, Nepal aur Bhutan. |
| Archipelago | Dweepon ka bada samooh. Indonesia kuch bade dweepon aur 17,000 se zyaada chhote dweepon se bana hai. |
| SAARC | South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, jise 1985 mein India ne Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives aur Afghanistan ke saath banaaya. |
| Theravada, Mahayana, Vajrayana | Buddhism ki teen badi shaakhaayein, jo puraane India mein bani aur padosi deshon tak phaileen. |
| Gross National Happiness | Bhutan ka paimaana jo tarakki ko sirf kamaai se nahi, balki sustainability, achhe shaasan aur sanskriti se naapta hai. |
| Suvarnabhumi | ‘Sone ki dharti’, wo naam jo puraane Indian vyapaariyon ne Java, Sumatra aur Malaya jaise Southeast Asia ke ilaakon ko diya. |
| Ingot | Dhaatu ka aisa tukda jo le jaane aur dobara gadhne mein aasaan ho, jaise puraane Oman ke taambe ke ingots. |
Is chapter ke topics
Practice karo
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Inme se kaunsa India ka samudri padosi hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) Sri Lanka
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India aur Nepal ka open border kis saal ki treaty ke tahat hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) 1950
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India aur Sri Lanka ke beech ka patla samudra hai:
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (a) Palk Strait
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Bhutan apni tarakki kis se naapta hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Gross National Happiness
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SAARC kab bana?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) 1985
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India ki kis desh ke saath zameeni seema China waali seema se lambi hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Bangladesh
Students ke sawal
Class 7 SST Part 2 Chapter 2 ke main topics kya hain?
Padosi kise kehte hain; India ke zameeni padosi China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar aur Afghanistan; samudri padosi Sri Lanka, Maldives, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Iran aur Oman; Buddhism jaisi saajhi sanskriti; aur India apne padosiyon ke saath kaise kaam karta hai.
Kya India and Her Neighbours nayi NCERT book mein hai?
Haan. Ye Class 7 Social Science ki textbook Exploring Society: India and Beyond Part 2 (2026-27) ka Chapter 2 hai, pages 29 se 60 tak.
India ke kitne padosi hain?
Chapter saat zameeni padosiyon, Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh aur Myanmar, aur aath paas ke samudri padosiyon, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Iran aur Oman, ka naam leta hai.
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