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India ke zameeni padosi

Short mein jawab

India ke saat zameeni padosi hain: uttar-pashchim mein Pakistan aur Afghanistan; uttar mein Tibet (China ka ilaaka), Nepal aur Bhutan; aur poorab mein Bangladesh aur Myanmar. Zameeni seema 15,100 km se zyaada lambi hai. Itihaas, nadiyan, Buddhism aur vyapar in padosiyon ko India se jodte hain, dosti mein bhi aur tanaav mein bhi.

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Zameen pe padosi

India ki zameeni seema 15,100 km se zyaada lambi hai aur registaan aur maidaan, jungle aur pahaad, daldal aur nadi ghaatiyon se guzarti hai. Iske saath saat padosi hain: uttar-pashchim mein Pakistan aur Afghanistan, uttar mein Tibet (China ka ilaaka), Nepal aur Bhutan, aur poorab mein Bangladesh aur Myanmar.

Beech mein India, uttar-pashchim, uttar aur poorab mein zameeni padosi, aur samudra ke paar samudri padosi
Dishaayein, naksha nahi

China

India se lagbhag teen guna bada China hamara sabse bada padosi hai. Himalaya dono ko alag karta hai, aur seema Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh aur Ladakh ke saath chalti hai. Buddhism lagbhag 1st century CE mein vyapar aur yatra ke raaston se China pahuncha; Faxian aur Xuanzang India mein padhne aaye, aur Bodhidharma, Dharmakshema aur Kumarajiva ne China mein sikhaaya. 13th century tak Hindu vyapaariyon ne China ke Quanzhou bandargaah mein mandir bana liye the. Aaj India China ko iron ore, chemicals aur cotton yarn bechta hai aur electronics aur machinery khareedta hai, par China ki India ko bikri lagbhag aath guna zyaada hai. Seema pe kabhi-kabhi tanaav bhadka hai, jabki baatcheet aur vyapar chalte rehte hain.

Pakistan aur Afghanistan

Pakistan 1947 ke Partition tak India ka hissa tha. 1948, 1965 aur 1971 ke yuddh, 1999 ka Kargil War aur Pakistan ki sena ke samarthan se hone waale aatanki hamle rishton ko tanaav bhara rakhte hain. Seema Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir aur Ladakh ke saath chalti hai. Phir bhi saajhi virasat bachi hai: Katas Raj mandir, Hinglaj Mata Mandir, aur 2019 mein khula Kartarpur Corridor, jisse Indian yatri visa ki jagah sirf permit se Guru Nanak ke antim sthaan tak ja sakte hain. Landlocked Afghanistan puraane Uttarapatha raaste se India se juda tha; ye kabhi Buddhist aur Hindu sanskriti ka kendra tha, jaise Bamiyan ki Buddha murtiyan 2001 mein nasht hone tak dikhaati thi. India ne wahan Parliament building aur Zaranj–Delaram highway banaaye.

China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan aur Myanmar ki seemaon ke saath ke Indian states
Zameeni seemaon ke states

Bangladesh

Bangladesh, jo pehle East Pakistan tha, 1971 mein India aur Pakistan ke yuddh ke baad bana. Ye West Bengal ke saath Bangla bhasha saajha karta hai, aur India ke saath iski seema, jo China waali se bhi lambi hai, West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura aur Mizoram ke saath chalti hai. Ganga aur Brahmaputra ki nadiyan dono deshon mein kheti, machhli aur parivahan ko sahaara deti hain, aur dono milkar Sundarban ki raksha karte hain, jo duniya ka sabse bada mangrove jungle aur toofaanon se dhaal hai.

Nepal aur Bhutan

Nepal ki India se seema pashchim mein Uttarakhand se Uttar Pradesh, Bihar aur West Bengal hote hue Sikkim tak jaati hai. 1950 ki Treaty of Peace and Friendship ke tahat ye open border hai: log bina passport ya visa school, aspatal, naukri, vyapar aur parivaar se milne ke liye aate-jaate hain. Yatri Kathmandu ke Pashupatinath mandir jaate hain, Holi jaise tyohaar saajha hain, aur India Nepal ka sabse bada vyapaarik saathi hai.

Open border, jaise India aur Nepal, aur passport aur visa maangne waali zyaadatar seemaon ki tulna
Open border

Bhutan, ‘Land of the Thunder Dragon’, Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam aur Arunachal Pradesh se lagta hai. 8th century mein Guru Padmasambhava wahan Vajrayana Buddhism le gaye, aur Bhutani yatri Bodh Gaya, Rajgir aur Nalanda aate hain. Bhutan ki nadiyan Tala jaise hydroelectric plant chalaati hain, jo dono deshon ko bijli dete hain. Bhutan tarakki ko Gross National Happiness se naapta hai.

Myanmar

Myanmar Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur aur Mizoram se lagta hai aur Bay of Bengal mein samudri seema bhi saajha karta hai. 2018 ke ek samjhaute ne seema ke logon ka aana-jaana aasaan kiya, haalaanki sangharsh ki wajah se ab kuch rokein hain. India ne Bagan ke Ananda mandir ki marammat mein madad ki, aur Trilateral Highway Manipur ko Myanmar ke raaste Thailand se jodega.

Ye kyun zaroori hai

Hamare zameeni padosi kaun hain aur hamein kya jodta aur kya alag karta hai, ye jaanne se khabrein, vyapar aur yatra samajh aate hain. Aage padho India ke samudri padosi. Textbook ke sawaalon ke jawab Part 2 Chapter 2 ke NCERT solutions mein hain; poore Part 2 Chapter 2 ke notes dekho.

Practice karo

  1. Kis padosi ko ‘Land of the Thunder Dragon’ kehte hain?

    1. (a) Nepal
    2. (b) Bhutan
    3. (c) Myanmar
    4. (d) Bangladesh
    Jawab dekho

    Jawab: (b) Bhutan

  2. Kaunse Indian states Nepal se lagte hain?

    1. (a) Gujarat, Rajasthan aur Punjab
    2. (b) Sikkim, West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh aur Uttarakhand
    3. (c) Assam, Tripura aur Mizoram
    4. (d) Nagaland aur Manipur
    Jawab dekho

    Jawab: (b) Sikkim, West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh aur Uttarakhand

  3. Kartarpur Corridor Indian yatriyon ko kis desh ke gurdwara tak le jaata hai?

    1. (a) Nepal
    2. (b) Bangladesh
    3. (c) Pakistan
    4. (d) Afghanistan
    Jawab dekho

    Jawab: (c) Pakistan

  4. India aur Bangladesh ke do rishte batao.

    Jawab dekho

    Jawab: Dono ka saajha itihaas hai aur Bangla bhasha, jo West Bengal mein bhi boli jaati hai. Dono Ganga aur Brahmaputra ki nadiyan aur Sundarban ka mangrove jungle bhi saajha karte hain, jiski dono milkar raksha karte hain.

  5. Myanmar ko India ka Southeast Asia ka darwaaza kyun kehte hain?

    Jawab dekho

    Jawab: Ye India ke northeast se zameeni seema aur Bay of Bengal mein samudri seema saajha karta hai, isliye India se sadkein, vyapar aur log iske raaste Southeast Asia pahunch sakte hain, jaise India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway se.

Students ke sawal

India ke zameeni padosi kaun hain?

Uttar-pashchim mein Pakistan aur Afghanistan; uttar mein Tibet (China ka ilaaka), Nepal aur Bhutan; aur poorab mein Bangladesh aur Myanmar.

Open border kya hota hai?

Open border wo seema hai jise dono deshon ke log bina passport ya visa paar kar sakein. 1950 ki Treaty of Peace and Friendship ke tahat India–Nepal seema khuli hai, isliye log kaam, padhaai, ilaaj, vyapar aur parivaar ke liye aate-jaate hain.

Kaunse Indian states China se lagte hain?

Himalaya ke saath pashchim se poorab: Ladakh (Union Territory), Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim aur Arunachal Pradesh.

Koi sawal atak gaya?

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