Bar graph kaise banayein

Bar graph kyun?

Pictographs mazedaar hain, par bahut data ho to banaane mein samay lagta hai aur har value theek-theek nahi dikhti. Bar graph data ko barabar chaudaai ki bars se dikhaata hai, jo barabar doori pe hoti hain, aur har bar ki lambaai ya oonchaai value batati hai. Ek nazar mein categories ki tulna hoti hai aur sabse bada aur sabse chhota dikh jaata hai.

Bar graph banaane ke steps

1. Do lines kheencho: ek leti aur ek khadi, kone pe milti hui.
2. Categories rakho: ek line pe barabar doori pe likho.
3. Scale chuno: ek unit lambaai kitni cheezon ke barabar ho, taaki sabse lambi bar fit ho. Doosri line pe scale nishaan karo, zero se shuru.
4. Bar ki lambaai nikaalo: unit mein lambaai = value ÷ scale.
5. Bars banao: ek jaisi chaudaai, ek jaisi doori, har ek apni value jitni lambi.
6. Label dono lines pe, scale likho aur title do.

Udaharan 1: mithaaiyan (1 unit = 1 student)

Shri Nilesh ki class ne mithaaiyan chuni: jalebi 6, gulab jamun 9, gujiya 13, barfi 3 aur rasgulla 7. Sankhyaayein chhoti hain, isliye 1 unit lambaai = 1 student theek chalta hai.

Udaharan 2: runs (1 unit = 10 runs)

Smriti ne aath matchon mein 80, 50, 10, 100, 90, 0, 90 aur 50 runs banaaye. 0 se 100 tak har run nishaan karna thakaau hoga, isliye 1 unit lambaai = 10 runs lo: 80 runs matlab 8 unit aur 100 runs matlab 10 unit. Match 6 mein 0 runs ki koi bar hi nahi.

Udaharan 3: parivaar ka kharcha (1 unit = ₹200)

Cheez	Kharcha	Bar ki lambaai (÷ 200)
Ghar ka kiraaya	₹3,000	15 unit
Khaana	₹3,400	17 unit
Padhaai	₹800	4 unit
Bijli	₹400	2 unit
Aana-jaana	₹600	3 unit
Baaki	₹1,200	6 unit

Graph dikhaata hai ki Imran ka parivaar sabse zyada khaane pe aur uske baad ghar ke kiraaye pe kharch karta hai. Bijli (₹400) padhaai (₹800) ka theek aadha hai, aur padhaai khaane ke ek-chauthaai se kam hai, kyunki ₹3,400 ka ek-chauthaai ₹850 hai.

Bar graph padhna

Delhi ki ek traffic study mein 1 unit = 100 gaadiyon waala bar graph subah 6 se 7 baje lagbhag 150 gaadiyan, 7 se 8 baje 1,200, 8 se 9 baje 1,000, 9 se 10 baje 800, 10 se 11 baje 700 aur 11 se dopahar 12 tak 600 gaadiyan dikhaata hai: kul lagbhag 4,450. Sabse lambi bar, 7 se 8 baje, rush hour hai, jab log kaam aur school jaate hain.

Galtiyan pakadna

Hamesha bars ko data se milaao. Bhopal station pe biki tickets ke ek graph mein Vidisha ki 24 tickets ki bar 6 unit thi, yaani scale 1 unit = 4 tickets; tab Indore ki 28 tickets ki bar 7 unit honi chahiye, chhoti nahi.

Khadi ya leti?

Dono sahi hain, par data ke hisaab se chuno. Oonchaai zameen se upar uthti hai, isliye har mahaadweep ka sabse ooncha pahaad khadi bars, yaani column graph, mein sahaj lagta hai. Lambaai zameen ke saath hoti hai, isliye nadiyon ki lambaai ke liye leti bars theek hain.

Gumraah karne waale chitron se saavdhaan

Infographics graph ko kalaatmak chitron se sajaate hain. Ye dhyaan kheenchte hain, par gumraah bhi kar sakte hain. Tribhuj ke roop mein banaaya ooncha pahaad chauda bhi ho jaata hai aur asal se kahin bada lagta hai. Everest (8,848 m), Elbrus (5,642 m) ka dugna ooncha nahi: 5,642 × 2 = 11,284.

Graph se pehle data vyavasthit karne ke liye padho tally marks kaise banayein; chitra waale graph ke liye pictograph kya hai. Textbook ke sawaalon ke liye dekho Chapter 4 ke NCERT solutions; poore chapter ke liye Chapter 4 ke notes.