Class 6 Science Chapter 10: Living Creatures — Exploring their Characteristics (Hinglish Notes)

Living ya non-living?

Subah ki sair pe Avadhi kuch shells uthana chahti hai, par uski maa rok deti hain: shell kisi zinda ghonghe (snail) ka ghar ho sakta hai, aur uske shareer ka hissa. Jo cheez hil bhi nahi rahi, wo kisi living being ka hissa kaise ho sakti hai? Ye samajhne ke liye apne aas-paas ki cheezon ki list banao, jaise pencil, kitaab, kabootar, car aur paudha, aur unhe living aur non-living mein baanto. Phir socho ki living cheezon mein kya ek jaisa hai.

Living beings ki khaasiyatein

Cheezon ki tulna khud se karo. Tum chalte ho, khaate ho, badhte ho, saans lete ho aur chot lagne pe response dete ho; car chal sakti hai, par na badh sakti hai, na kha sakti hai, na bachche paida kar sakti hai, isliye wo non-living hai. Saare living beings:

• chalte-hilte hain: jaanwar ek jagah se doosri jagah jaate hain; paudhe nahi jaate, par phool khilte hain, keetbhakshi paudhe Drosera ke baal keedon pe band ho jaate hain, aur bel sahare ke chaaron taraf lipat jaati hai;
• unhe badhne ke liye khaana (nutrition) chahiye, aur wo badhte hain;
• respire karte hain: saans lena respiration ka hissa hai, aur paudhe pattiyon ke chhote chhedon, stomata, se hawa andar-bahar lete hain;
• excrete karte hain, jaise paseena aur peshaab; paudhe extra paani pattiyon pe boondon ke roop mein nikaalte hain;
• stimuli pe response dete hain: kaanta chubhe to hum pair khinch lete hain, aur chhui-mui chhoone pe pattiyan mod leti hai;
• reproduce karte hain, yaani apne jaise bachche paida karte hain, jisse jeevan aage chalta hai;
• aur aakhir mein marte hain.

Jis cheez mein ye khaasiyatein na hon, wo non-living hai. Aur padho living things ki characteristics mein.

Seed germination

Seed bejaan lagta hai, par kya sach mein hai? Jab seed sprout ban jaata hai, to wo germinate hua kehte hain. Bean seeds ke chaar gamlon wali activity mein sirf geeli mitti wale seeds ugay, chaahe gamla dhoop mein tha ya andhere mein. Sookhi mitti ke seeds ko paani nahi mila, aur khade paani ke neeche wale seeds ko hawa nahi mili. Isliye bean seeds ko sahi maatra mein paani aur hawa chahiye. Paani seed coat ko naram karta hai taaki andar ka chhota embryo badh sake, aur hawa mitti ke kanon ke beech ki jagah se milti hai. Zyaadatar seeds ko germinate hone ke liye roshni nahi chahiye, par seedling ko aage badhne ke liye dhoop chahiye. Jo seed germinate hokar badhta hai, wo saaf taur pe living hai. Aur padho seed germination kya hai mein.

Roots neeche, shoots upar

Seedlings ko seedha, ulta, ya ek chhed se roshni aane wale dabbe mein rakho, sab mein ek hi pattern dikhta hai: root neeche ki taraf badhta hai, aur shoot upar aur roshni ki taraf. Ulte seedling ka root mud ke neeche aur shoot mud ke upar badhne lagta hai. Indian scientist Jagadish Chandra Bose (1858–1937) ne crescograph naam ki machine banayi, jo record karti thi ki paudhe roshni, garmi, bijli aur gravity pe kaise response dete hain, aur naapti thi ki wo kitni tezi se badhte hain.

Paudhe ka life cycle

Bean ka ek seed bo ke teen mahine dekho. Wo germinate hota hai, pattiyan nikalti hain, phool aate hain, aur phool fruits mein badal jaate hain, yahan phaliyan (pods), jinke andar seeds hote hain. Phaliyan banne ke baad paudha peela padke sookh jaata hai, chaahe tum paani dete raho. Seeds se bean ke paudhon ki nayi peedhi shuru hoti hai. Seed se paudha aur phir agli peedhi ke seeds tak ka poora safar paudhe ka life cycle hai.

Machchhar ka life cycle

Mada machchhar khoon choosti hai aur malaria, dengue aur chikungunya jaisi bimaariyan failaati hai, aur paani pe ya paani ke paas ande deti hai. Isiliye kaha jaata hai ki cooler, gamlon ya khule bartanon mein paani jamaa na hone do. Machchhar chaar stages se guzarta hai: egg, larva, pupa aur adult. Keede jaise larva aur comma jaise pupa paani mein rehte hain aur saans lene ke liye baar-baar satah pe aate hain, isiliye khade paani pe kerosene ki patli parat unhe maar deti hai. Adult thodi der paani pe baith ke ud jaata hai aur lagbhag 10 se 15 din jeeta hai. Silk moth ke bhi chaar stages hote hain, aur uske larva wo dhaage banaate hain jinse resham banta hai.

Frog ka life cycle

Baarish ke mausam mein talaab mein frog ke andon ka safed, jelly jaisa guchha dikh sakta hai, jise spawn kehte hain. Andon mein embryo banta hai, aur poonchh wale, bina pair ke tadpole nikalte hain. Baad mein unke pichhle pair aate hain, phir wo froglet bante hain jo chhote frog jaise dikhte hain aur zameen pe kuch samay bitaane lagte hain, aur aakhir mein adult frog, jinki poonchh khatam ho jaati hai aur jo paani aur zameen dono pe rehte hain. Badhte hue frog ki shape, banaavat aur ghar tak badal jaata hai. Dekho frog ka life cycle.

Paudhe, jaanwar aur living duniya

Paudhe aur jaanwar dono chhote shuru hote hain, badhte hain, reproduce karte hain aur marte hain, aur unke bachche cycle aage badhaate hain. Unka safar alag hai: bean ka paudha pattiyan, phool aur fruits jodta hai, jabki machchhar aur frog jaise kuch jaanwar har stage pe poori tarah badal jaate hain. Living beings aur unke gharon ki dekhbhaal karke hum is living duniya ko phalne-foolne mein madad karte hain. Saari activities aur exercises ke jawab Chapter 10 ke NCERT solutions mein hain.