Biodiversity kya hai?

Biodiversity ka matlab

Chapter ki shuruaat mein nature walk par bachche ghaas, jhaadiyan aur bade ped, shaakhaon par pakshi, ek phool se doosre par jaati titliyan aur pedon ke beech koodte bandar dekhte hain. Dr Raghu bataate hain ki har pakshi ki apni alag chahchahaahat hoti hai: prakriti mein vividhta ka ek udaharan.

Activity 2.2 mein har bachcha 30 second aankhein band karke ek paudhe aur ek jaanwar ke baare mein sochta hai jo use bahut pasand aaya, aur blackboard par banaata hai. Class kai alag paudhe aur jaanwar bana deti hai, aur bahut saare aise bhi hain jo kisi ne nahi banaaye. Kisi khaas ilaake mein milne waale paudhon aur jaanwaron ki vividhta ko uski biodiversity kehte hain.

Har sadasya ka apna kaam

Ilaake ka har paudha aur jaanwar apni bhoomika nibhaata hai. Ped pakshiyon aur doosre jaanwaron ko khaana aur ghar dete hain; jaanwar phal khaakar beej failaane mein madad karte hain. Paudhe aur jaanwar ek-doosre pe nirbhar hain.

Grouping se biodiversity padhna aasaan

Itni vividhta ke saath scientists jeevon ko samaanta aur antar ke hisaab se group karte hain. Paudhon ko herbs, shrubs aur trees, ya dicots aur monocots mein; jaanwaron ko chaal, khaane ya rehne ki jagah ke hisaab se.

Ilaakon ki biodiversity alag kyun hai

Garam registaan, barfeela pahaad, samudra aur jungle ki sthitiyan bahut alag hain, isliye wahan alag paudhe aur jaanwar hain, har ek mein apne ghar ke laayak visheshtaayein. In visheshtaon ke baare mein habitat aur adaptation kya hai mein padho.

Biodiversity kaise ghatti hai

Apne mummy-papa, daada-daadi aur padosiyon se poocho ki bachpan mein ve kaunse paudhe, pakshi ya keede aksar dekhte the jo ab kam dikhte hain. Aise badlaav aksar habitat bigadne se hote hain. Tab paudhe aur jaanwar apna ghar, khaana aur doosre saadhan kho dete hain, aur biodiversity ghat jaati hai.

India mein Bengal Tiger, Cheetah aur Great Indian Bustard ki aabaadi insaani gatividhiyon se unke prakritik habitat nasht hone ke kaaran ghati.

India biodiversity kaise bachaata hai

• Project Tiger, 1973 mein shuru hua, Bengal Tiger ki ghatti aabaadi bachaane ke liye.
• Cheetah Reintroduction Project, 2022 mein shuru hua, Cheetah ki aabaadi waapas laane ke liye.
• Great Indian Bustard ke habitats Gujarat, Rajasthan aur Maharashtra mein protected areas ghoshit kiye gaye hain.
• Sacred groves jungle ke achhoote tukde hain, poore India mein milte hain aur sthaaniya samudaay unhe bachaata hai: koi ped nahi kaat sakta, jaanwaron ko nuksaan nahi pahuncha sakta.
• Save Silent Valley: Kerala ke Palakkad zile mein aam logon ne, jinme se kai jungle se door rehte the, Kunthipuzha nadi par prastaavit hydroelectric dam ke khilaaf 10 saal tak awareness programmes, chitthiyon, lekhon, seminars aur court mein petitions se ladaai ladi, aur is nam sadaabahaar (moist evergreen) jungle ko bacha liya.

Biodiversity bachaane waale log

Janaki Ammal (1897–1984), ek Indian botanist, ne India ki paudhon ki vividhta darj karne aur bachaane mein madad ki, Save Silent Valley andolan mein badi bhoomika nibhaayi aur Botanical Survey of India ki pramukh ke roop mein desh ke paudhon ko darj karne ke programmes shuru kiye.

Salim Ali (1896–1987), ‘Birdman of India’, ne poore India mein ghoomkar pakshiyon, unke safar ke raaston aur habitats ka adhyayan kiya, aur Rajasthan ke Bharatpur mein Keoladeo National Park aur Karnataka ke Mandya mein Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary jaisi jagahein bachaane mein madad ki. Unhone Indian subcontinent ke pakshiyon par 10 kitaabon ki mashhoor series likhi aur 1976 mein unhe Padma Vibhushan mila.

Hamein biodiversity bachaani hai taaki hamaara grah jeevan se bhara rahe. Textbook ke sawaalon ke liye Chapter 2 NCERT solutions dekho; poore chapter ke liye Chapter 2 notes dekho.