Habitat aur adaptation kya hai?
Short mein jawab
Habitat wo jagah hai jahan paudha ya jaanwar rehta hai; ye khaana, paani, hawa aur ghar deti hai. Adaptation wo khaas visheshta hai jo jeev ko uske ilaake mein jeene mein madad kare. Registaan mein cactus mote, gooddaar tane mein paani jama karta hai, aur pahaadon par deodar ka cone aakaar aur jhuki shaakhaayein barf ko fisalne deti hain.
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Alag jagah, alag jeev
Nature walk par tum dekhoge ki alag jaanwar alag maahaul mein rehte hain. Activity 2.10 mein class alag ilaakon ke jeevon ki list banaati hai: registaan mein oont, pahaadon par deodar ka ped, samudra mein machhli aur jungle mein sher. Ek tarah ke ilaake ke paudhe aur jaanwar doosre ilaake se alag hote hain. Kyun?
Har ilaake ki apni sthitiyan hain: kitna paani hai, kitni garmi ya thand hai, barf girti hai ya nahi. Wahan jeene waale jeevon mein aisi visheshtaayein hoti hain jo in sthitiyon ke laayak hon. Isiliye biodiversity ilaake-ilaake mein badalti hai.
Adaptations
Wo khaas visheshtaayein jo paudhon aur jaanwaron ko kisi khaas ilaake mein jeene laayak banaati hain, adaptations kehlaati hain.
- Cactus (registaan): garam registaan mein paani bahut kam hota hai, din mein bahut garmi aur raat mein bahut thand. Cactus ka mota, gooddaar tana paani jama karta hai aur garmi sehne mein madad karta hai.
- Deodar (barfeele pahaad): bahut thande ilaakon ke pahaadon par baar-baar barf girti hai. Deodar ka cone jaisa aakaar aur jhuki shaakhaayein barf ko aasaani se fisalne deti hain.
- Machhli (paani): machhli ka shareer streamlined hota hai aur uske fins hote hain, jisse paani mein tairna aasaan hai. Zameen par bakri pairon se chalti hai.
- Rhododendron (pahaad): Nilgiri ke Shola jungle mein rhododendron chhote aur chhoti pattiyon waale hote hain, jo pahaadon ki choti par tez hawa sehne mein madad karta hai; Sikkim mein ye lambe hote hain. Ek hi paudha alag ilaakon mein alag visheshtaayein dikhaata hai.
Do registaanon ke oont
| Visheshta | Garam registaan ka oont (Rajasthan) | Thande registaan ka oont (Ladakh) |
|---|---|---|
| Pair aur lambaai | Lambe pair, zyaada lamba | Chhote pair aur kam lambaai |
| Kaise madad karta hai | Lambe pair aur chaude khur ret mein dhansne nahi dete | Chhote pair pahaadi ilaake mein chalne mein madad karte hain |
| Kubad | Ek kubad, jo khaana jama karta hai | Do kubad, jo late winter mein jama khaana use hone par sikud jaate hain |
Thande registaan ke oont ke sir se gardan tak lambe baal bhi ug aate hain, jo Ladakh ki thandi sardiyon mein madad karte hain. Oont paani bhi bahut kam khote hain: ve kam peshaab karte hain, unka gobar sookha hota hai aur unhe paseena nahi aata, isliye ve kai din bina paani piye reh sakte hain.
Habitat
Wo jagah jahan paudhe aur jaanwar rehte hain, unka habitat hai. Samudri kachhuon ka habitat samudra hai; oont ka garam ya thanda registaan; rhododendron ka pahaad. Habitat khaana, paani, hawa, ghar aur baaki zarooratein deta hai. Ek hi habitat mein kai tarah ke paudhe aur jaanwar saath reh sakte hain, isliye habitat kisi ilaake ki biodiversity ko aakaar deta hai.
Terrestrial aur aquatic habitats
Habitat ke hisaab se group karne ka ek aasaan tareeka hai zameen ya paani:
- Terrestrial habitats (zameen par): jungle, registaan, ghaas ke maidaan aur pahaad.
- Aquatic habitats (paani mein): taalaab, jheel, nadiyan aur samudra.
- Amphibians, jaise mendhak, paani mein aur zameen par dono jagah reh sakte hain.
Jab habitat bigadta hai
Agar bakri ko khaane ke liye ghaas na mile, ya machhli ke paas paani na ho, to kya hoga? Jeev apne habitat pe nirbhar hain. Jab habitat bigadte hain, paudhe aur jaanwar apna ghar, khaana aur doosre saadhan kho dete hain, aur ilaake ki biodiversity ghat jaati hai. Biodiversity kaise bachaayi jaati hai, ye biodiversity kya hai mein padho, aur poore chapter ke liye Chapter 2 notes dekho.
Practice karo
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Cactus ka mota, gooddaar tana use kis kaam mein madad karta hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) paani jama karne mein
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Inme se aquatic habitat kaunsa hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) Taalaab
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Ladakh ke thande registaan ke oont mein hote hain:
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) do kubad aur sir-gardan par lambe baal
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Deodar ka aakaar barfeele pahaadon par jeene mein kaise madad karta hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Iska cone jaisa aakaar aur lachiili, jhuki shaakhaayein barf ko aasaani se fisalne deti hain, isliye ped par barf jama nahi hoti.
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Machhli ko paani se bahar nikaalne par kya hoga?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Wo zinda nahi reh sakti. Paani uska habitat hai: wo saans, khaana aur fins se chalna sab paani mein hi kar sakti hai.
Students ke sawal
Habitat kya hai?
Wo jagah jahan koi paudha ya jaanwar rehta hai. Ye khaana, paani, hawa, ghar aur baaki zarooratein deti hai. Samudri kachhuon ka habitat samudra, oont ka garam ya thanda registaan, aur rhododendron ka pahaad hai.
Adaptation kya hai? Udaharan do.
Koi khaas visheshta jo paudhe ya jaanwar ko kisi khaas ilaake mein jeene laayak banaaye. Udaharan: cactus ka paani jama karne waala gooddaar tana, deodar ka cone aakaar, machhli ka streamlined shareer aur fins, aur registaani oont ke lambe pair aur chaude khur.
Terrestrial aur aquatic habitats kya hain?
Terrestrial habitats zameen par hain, jaise jungle, registaan, ghaas ke maidaan aur pahaad. Aquatic habitats paani mein hain, jaise taalaab, jheel, nadiyan aur samudra.
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