Class 6 Science Chapter 2: Diversity in the Living World (Hinglish Notes)

Biodiversity ki sair

Chapter ek purani kahaawat se shuru hota hai: ped dhoop mein khade rehkar doosron ko chhaaya aur phal dete hain, jaise achhe log doosron ki bhalaai ke liye kaam karte hain. Phir class Dr Raghu, ek scientist, aur Maniram chacha, ek bujurg jo pakshiyon ki awaazein nikaal lete hain aur bahut se paudhe-jaanwar pehchaante hain, ke saath nature walk par jaati hai. Bachche ghaas, jhaadiyan aur bade ped, shaakhaon par pakshi, phoolon par titliyan aur ek ped se doosre par koodte bandar dekhte hain, aur seekhte hain ki har pakshi ki apni alag chahchahaahat hoti hai.

Activity 2.1 mein ve ghaas, tulsi, gudhal aur neem jaise paudhon ke tane, pattiyan aur phool, aur kauwe aur cheenti jaise jaanwaron ka ghar, khaana aur chaal likhte hain. Paudhe lambaai aur tane ki sakhti mein, pattiyon ke aakaar aur bichhaav mein, aur phoolon ke rang, aakaar aur khushboo mein alag hote hain. Kisi khaas ilaake mein milne waale paudhon aur jaanwaron ki vividhta ko biodiversity kehte hain. Har sadasya ka apna kaam hai: ped pakshiyon aur jaanwaron ko khaana aur ghar dete hain, aur jaanwar phal khaakar beej failaate hain.

Paudhon aur jaanwaron ko group kyun karein?

Kitaabon aur copiyon ko groups mein rakhne se school bag saja rehta hai. Isi tarah jeevon ko samaanta aur antar ke hisaab se group karne se unhe padhna aasaan hota hai. Alag groups alag visheshta chun sakte hain: paudhon ki lambaai, phool hain ya nahi, tana sakht hai ya naram, ya jaanwaron ke liye ve kya khaate hain, kahan rehte hain, unka rang ya ve kaise chalte hain.

Herbs, shrubs aur trees

Lambaai, tane ke prakaar aur shaakhaayein kahan se shuru hoti hain, iske hisaab se paudhe herbs, shrubs aur trees mein baante jaate hain. Aur padho: herbs, shrubs aur trees mein fark.

Paudha	Lambaai	Tana	Shaakhaayein	Group
Aam	Lamba	Bhoora, sakht, mota	Tane par upar se	Tree
Gulaab	Madhyam	Bhoora, sakht, patla	Zameen ke paas se	Shrub
Tamatar	Chhota	Hara, naram, patla	Zameen ke paas se	Herb

Kamzor tane waale paudhe jinhe chadhne ke liye sahaara chahiye climbers hain; zameen par phailne waale paudhe creepers hain.

Pattiyan, jadein aur beej

Patti par patli lines veins (nasein) hain, aur unka pattern venation hai. Gudhal ki pattiyon mein reticulate venation hai, yaani beech ki moti nas ke dono taraf naso ka jaal; kele aur ghaas ki pattiyon mein parallel venation hai. Jadein bhi alag hain: sarson mein taproot hai, ek mukhya jad aur side roots, jabki ghaas mein fibrous roots hain, ek jaisi patli jadon ka guchha.

Bhigoya hua chane ka beej do hisson mein khulta hai; har hissa ek cotyledon hai. Makka mein ek patla cotyledon hota hai. Do cotyledons waale paudhe dicots aur ek waale monocots hain. Sadabahar aur chana (dicots) mein taproot aur reticulate venation hai; lemongrass aur gehun (monocots) mein fibrous roots aur parallel venation. Aur padho: leaf venation aur roots.

Jaanwaron ko chaal se group karna

Jaanwar chalte, daudte, rengte, phudakte, koodte, udte ya tairte hain, aur iske liye alag-alag ang use karte hain. Cheenti legs se chalti hai, bakri chalti aur koodti hai, machhli fins se tairti hai, aur kabootar aur makkhi dono legs se chalte aur wings se udte hain. Jaanwar aakaar, size, rang aur khaane mein bhi alag hain, aur inme se kisi bhi visheshta se unhe group kar sakte hain.

Habitat aur adaptation

Alag ilaakon mein alag paudhe aur jaanwar milte hain: registaan mein oont, pahaadon par deodar ke ped, samudra mein machhli aur jungle mein sher. Garam registaan mein paani bahut kam hota hai, din mein bahut garmi aur raat mein thand, isliye cactus apne mote, gooddaar tane mein paani jama karta hai. Barfeele pahaadon par deodar ka shanku (cone) jaisa aakaar aur jhuki shaakhaayein barf ko fisalne deti hain. Machhli ka shareer chikna-patla (streamlined) aur fins tairne ke liye hain.

Oont bhi yahi dikhaate hain. Rajasthan ke garam registaan ke oont ke lambe pair aur chaude khur ret par chalne ke liye hain, aur ek kubad khaana jama karta hai. Ladakh ke thande registaan ka oont chhota hai, uske do kubad late winter mein sikud jaate hain aur sir se gardan tak lambe baal hote hain. Oont kam peshaab karte hain, unka gobar sookha hota hai aur unhe paseena nahi aata, isliye ve kai din bina paani ke reh sakte hain. Nilgiri ke hawaadaar pahaadon par rhododendron chhote aur chhoti pattiyon waale hote hain, jabki Sikkim mein ve lambe hote hain.

Aisi khaas visheshtaayein adaptations hain. Wo jagah jahan paudha ya jaanwar rehta hai, aur jo use khaana, paani, hawa aur ghar deti hai, uska habitat hai: samudri kachhuon ke liye samudra, oont ke liye garam ya thanda registaan, rhododendron ke liye pahaad. Aur padho: habitat aur adaptation kya hai.

Terrestrial aur aquatic habitats

Zameen par rehne waale paudhe aur jaanwar terrestrial habitats mein rehte hain, jaise jungle, registaan, ghaas ke maidaan aur pahaad. Paani mein rehne waale aquatic habitats mein rehte hain, jaise taalaab, jheel, nadiyan aur samudra. Mendhak paani aur zameen dono par reh sakte hain; ve amphibians hain.

Biodiversity ki raksha

Jab habitats bigadte hain, paudhe aur jaanwar apna ghar, khaana aur doosre saadhan kho dete hain, aur biodiversity ghat jaati hai. India mein Bengal Tiger, Cheetah aur Great Indian Bustard insaani gatividhiyon se habitat nasht hone ke kaaran kam ho gaye. Project Tiger 1973 mein shuru hua, Cheetah Reintroduction Project 2022 mein, aur Great Indian Bustard ke habitats Gujarat, Rajasthan aur Maharashtra mein protected areas ghoshit hain. Sthaaniya samudaay ke bachaaye sacred groves, aur Kerala ki Silent Valley bachaane waala logon ka andolan dikhaate hain ki aam log bhi biodiversity bachaate hain. Botanist Janaki Ammal ne India ke paudhon ki vividhta darj ki, aur ‘Birdman of India’ Salim Ali ne pakshiyon ka adhyayan kiya aur Keoladeo National Park jaisi jagahein bachaane mein madad ki. Aur padho: biodiversity kya hai.

Har activity aur sawaal ke jawab Chapter 2 ke NCERT solutions mein hain.