Leaf venation aur jadon ke prakaar kya hain?
Short mein jawab
Venation patti par naso ka pattern hai. Reticulate venation mein beech ki moti nas ke dono taraf naso ka jaal hota hai, jaise gudhal mein; parallel venation mein nasein saath-saath chalti hain, jaise ghaas mein. Taproot ek mukhya jad aur side roots hai; fibrous roots patli jadon ka guchha hain. Dicots mein aksar reticulate venation aur taproot hote hain.
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Nasein aur venation
Patti ko dhyaan se dekho to usme patli lines dikhti hain. Ye veins (nasein) hain, aur patti par inka pattern venation kehlaata hai. Patti ko roshni ke saamne pakadne se ye aasaani se dikhti hain.
- Reticulate venation: beech ki moti nas ke dono taraf naso ka jaal. Gudhal ki pattiyon mein dikhti hai.
- Parallel venation: nasein ek-doosre ke saath-saath chalti hain. Kele aur ghaas ki pattiyon mein dikhti hai.
Yaani pattiyan bhi paudhon ko group karne ka ek aur tareeka deti hain.
Do tarah ki jadein
Kya saare paudhon ki jadein ek jaisi hoti hain? Activity 2.6 mein tum kuch chhote herbs ke aas-paas mitti geeli karke khurpi se dheela karte ho aur jadon ko nuksaan pahunchaaye bina dheere se nikaalte ho. Jadein dhokar dekhne ke baad herbs ko dobaara laga dete ho taaki ve badhte rahein.
- Taproot: ek mukhya jad jisse chhoti side roots nikalti hain, jaise sarson ke paudhe mein. Gudhal mein bhi taproot hota hai.
- Fibrous roots: tane ke aadhaar se nikalti ek jaisi size ki patli jadon ka guchha, jaise aam ghaas mein. Doosri ghaason mein bhi fibrous roots hoti hain.
Venation aur jadein saath chalti hain
Activity 2.7 mein tum paanch aam paudhon ke paudhe (saplings) laate ho, jaise lemongrass, genda aur sadabahar, aur school garden mein lagaane se pehle unki venation aur jadein likhte ho. Ek pattern dikhta hai:
| Paudha | Patti ki venation | Jadein |
|---|---|---|
| Lemongrass | Parallel | Fibrous |
| Sadabahar | Reticulate | Taproot |
| Chana | Reticulate | Taproot |
| Gehun | Parallel | Fibrous |
Aam taur par, reticulate venation waale paudhon mein taproot aur parallel venation waale paudhon mein fibrous roots hoti hain.
Beej: dicots aur monocots
Kya saare beej ek jaise hote hain? Activity 2.8 mein tum chane aur makka ke beej do-teen din paani mein bhigote ho aur chane ka chhilka utaarte ho. Chana do hisson mein khul jaata hai; har hissa ek cotyledon hai. Makka mein ek hi patla cotyledon hota hai.
- Jin paudhon ke beej mein do cotyledons hote hain, ve dicotyledons yaani dicots hain.
- Jin paudhon ke beej mein ek cotyledon hota hai, ve monocotyledons yaani monocots hain.
Ab teeno visheshtaayein ek line mein aa jaati hain: dicots mein reticulate venation aur taproot system, aur monocots mein parallel venation aur fibrous root system hota hai.
| Dicots | Monocots | |
|---|---|---|
| Beej mein cotyledons | Do | Ek |
| Patti ki venation | Reticulate | Parallel |
| Jadein | Taproot | Fibrous |
| Udaharan | chana, sarson, gudhal, sadabahar, rajma | makka, gehun, ghaas, lemongrass, kela |
Khud karke dekho
Peepal ya aam ki ek patti aur ghaas ya makka ki ek patti lo. Dono ko roshni ke saamne pakdo: peepal ki patti mein beech ki moti nas aur chhoti naso ka bareek jaal dikhega, jabki ghaas ki patti mein kai patli nasein aadhaar se nok tak saath-saath chalti dikhengi. Phir mitti mein paani daalkar ek chhoti jangli ghaas-phoos aur ghaas ka ek guchha dheere se khodo. Unki jadein milaao, copy mein likho, aur dobaara laga do.
Pattern ka istemaal
Kyunki ye visheshtaayein aam taur par saath chalti hain, ek sanket baaki ke baare mein bata deta hai. Mooli ek moti taproot hai jo khaana jama karti hai, isliye uski pattiyon mein jaal jaisi nasein hongi. Gehun ke daane mein ek cotyledon hota hai, isliye gehun ke paudhe mein parallel venation aur fibrous roots hongi. Herbs, shrubs aur trees ke liye herbs, shrubs aur trees mein fark dekho; har textbook sawaal ke liye Chapter 2 NCERT solutions dekho.
Practice karo
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Ghaas ki pattiyon mein hoti hai:
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) parallel venation
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Sarson ke paudhe mein hota hai:
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) taproot
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Jo beej do cotyledons mein khulta hai, wo kis paudhe ka hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) dicot
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Gehun ki pattiyon mein parallel venation hai. Iski jadein kaisi hongi?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Fibrous roots. Parallel venation waale paudhe, jaise gehun, aam taur par monocots hote hain, jinki jadein fibrous hoti hain.
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Patti ki nasein saaf kaise dekh sakte ho?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Patti ko roshni ke saamne pakdo, ya uski nichli satah dekho: nasein patli lines ki tarah dikhti hain, aur pata chalta hai ki ve jaal banaati hain ya saath-saath chalti hain.
Students ke sawal
Reticulate aur parallel venation mein kya fark hai?
Reticulate venation mein nasein beech ki moti nas ke dono taraf jaal jaisa pattern banaati hain, jaise gudhal ki pattiyon mein. Parallel venation mein nasein ek-doosre ke saath-saath chalti hain, jaise kele aur ghaas ki pattiyon mein.
Taproot aur fibrous roots mein kya fark hai?
Taproot ek mukhya jad hai jisse chhoti side roots nikalti hain, jaise sarson aur gudhal mein. Fibrous roots tane ke aadhaar se nikalti ek jaisi patli jadon ka guchha hain, jaise ghaas mein.
Dicots aur monocots kya hain?
Jin paudhon ke beej mein do cotyledons hote hain ve dicotyledons (dicots) hain, jaise chana; jinke beej mein ek cotyledon hota hai ve monocotyledons (monocots) hain, jaise makka. Dicots mein aam taur par reticulate venation aur taproot, monocots mein parallel venation aur fibrous roots hote hain.
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