Magnet kya hai?

Hamaare aas-paas magnet

Chaaron taraf dekho: khatak se band hone waala pencil box ya purse, class ke board se chipakne waala duster, fridge pe sticker, magnet waale khilaune. In sabme magnet hain. Chapter mein Reshma ne aise magnet kai baar dekhe the par kabhi dhyaan se nahi, jab tak uski kahaani ko bina taaron ke disha dhoondhne ka tareeka nahi chahiye tha.

Magnet aisi cheez hai jo iron ko kheenchti hai, aur kuch aur dhaatuon ko bhi. Iski ek kamaal ki khoobi bhi hai: jab ye aazaadi se ghoom sake, to hamesha uttar-dakshin disha mein rukti hai.

Prakritik aur kritrim magnet

Purane zamaane ke naavikon ke magnet prakritik roop se milne waale magnets, jinhe lodestones kehte hain, pe based the, jo praacheen samay mein khoje gaye. Baad mein logon ko pata chala ki iron ke tukdon se bhi magnet ban sakte hain. Aajkal magnet kai alag-alag cheezon se bante hain. School lab ke magnet, aur pencil box, sticker aur khilaunon mein lage magnet, sab kritrim (artificial) magnets hain.

Magnets ke aakaar

Log apni zaroorat ke hisaab se magnet alag aakaar aur size mein banaate hain.

• Bar magnet: aayataakaar chhad, lab mein aam.
• U-shaped magnet: U akshar jaisa muda, dono poles paas-paas.
• Ring magnet: beech mein chhed waala chapta chhalla.
• Disc, cylindrical aur spherical magnet: chapte sikke, chhad aur gend jaise.

Jaisa book mein magnet kehta hai, uske poles hamesha jodi mein hote hain, chahe aakaar jo bhi ho. Extra: ring ya disc magnet ke do poles aam taur par uski do chapti satahon pe hote hain.

Magnet kya kheenchta hai?

Magnet magnetic materials ko kheenchta hai: iron, aur nickel aur cobalt dhaatuein aur doosri dhaatuon ke saath unke kuch mishran. Ye lakdi, rubber, plastic, kaanch aur kaagaz jaise non-magnetic materials ko nahi kheenchta. Pin aur paper clip jaisi kai roz ki steel ki cheezein khinchti hain kyunki steel mein zyaadatar iron hota hai. Aur padho magnetic aur non-magnetic materials mein.

Do poles

Magnet ki kheench har jagah barabar nahi hoti. Iron filings zyaadatar uske do siron ke paas chipakti hain, jo poles hain: North pole aur South pole. Poles hamesha jodi mein aate hain; toote magnet ke sabse chhote tukde mein bhi dono hote hain. Aur padho magnet ke poles mein.

Kaise jaanein ki cheez magnet hai

Do test achhe se kaam karte hain:

• Ise aazaadi se latkaao. Magnet hamesha uttar-dakshin disha mein rukta hai; iron ki chhad kisi bhi disha mein ruk sakti hai.
• Repulsion dekho. Magnet doosre magnet ke same pole ko dhakelta hai. Iron ki chhad magnet ke dono poles se khinchti hai par kabhi dhakeli nahi jaati, isliye sirf kheench se magnet aur iron mein fark nahi pata chalta.

Magnet kyun zaroori hain

Magnet compass se disha jaanne, cheezein band rakhne, steel ki pinein uthaane aur bina chhuye cheezein hilaane mein madad karte hain. Extra: ye loudspeaker, bijli ki motor aur aspataal ki scanning machinon mein bhi lagte hain. Garam karne, giraane ya hathaudi maarne se magnet kamzor ho jaate hain, isliye inhe dhyaan se rakho.

Magnet disha kaise bataate hain, ye jaanne ke liye padho compass kaise kaam karta hai. Textbook ke sawaalon ke liye dekho Chapter 4 ke NCERT solutions; poore chapter ke liye Chapter 4 ke notes.