Panchayati Raj system kya hai?

Gaonon ko apni government kyun chahiye

India mein lagbhag 600,000 gaon hain, aur lagbhag do-tihaai log gaonon mein rehte hain. Har gaon ki apni zarooratein hain: kheton ke liye paani, baarish ke baad sadak ki marammat, primary school ki dekhbhaal. Zameen ya chori hui fasal ke jhagde bhi suljhaane hote hain. Log har aisi baat ke liye State ki rajdhani ya Delhi nahi ja sakte. Gaon ki zindagi ke faisle ghar ke paas, wahan rehne waale log hi sabse achhe se le sakte hain.

Panchayati Raj: self-government

India ke har gaon mein local government hai jise Panchayat, yaani gaon ki parishad, kehte hain. Panchayatein shaasan ko logon ke paas laati hain aur unhe faislon mein sakriya hissa lene deti hain. Isiliye Panchayat system, yaani Panchayati Raj, self-government ka roop hai. Panchayatein local samasyaein sulajhaati hain, vikas badhaati hain aur pakka karti hain ki sarkaari yojanaon ka fayda zameeni level tak pahunche.

Teen tiers

Panchayati Raj neeche se upar teen levels pe kaam karta hai: gaon, block aur zila. Ise three-tier system kehte hain.

Level	Sanstha (doosre naam)	Mukhya kaam
Gaon	Gram Panchayat (Village Parishad)	Logon ke sabse paas; gaon ki zarooratein dekhti hai
Block	Panchayat Samiti (Block Panchayat, Mandal Parishad)	Gram Panchayaton aur Zila Parishad ko jodti hai; plans ikattha karti hai
Zila	Zila Parishad (District Panchayat)	Poore zile ko dekhti hai

Milkar ye sansthaayein zile ki zindagi ke lagbhag har hisse ko dhakti hain: kheti, awaas, sadkon ki dekhbhaal, paani ke saadhan, shiksha, swasthya, samaj kalyan aur saanskritik gatividhiyan bhi.

Tiers saath kaise kaam karte hain

Block level ki Panchayat Samiti neeche ki Gram Panchayaton aur upar ki Zila Parishad ke beech ki kadi hai. Ye Gram Panchayaton ke kaam mein taalmel bithaati hai: jaise, saari Gram Panchayaton ke vikas plans ikattha karke zile ya State ke level pe pesh karti hai. Isse vikas projects aur Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana jaisi sarkaari yojanaon ke liye funds milne mein madad hoti hai, jo gaonon mein har mausam waali sadkein banaati hai.

Panchayat Samiti aur Zila Parishad ke sadasya local log chunte hain, par doosre sadasya bhi ho sakte hain, jaise ilaake ke gaonon ke Sarpanch aur State Legislative Assembly ke local sadasya.

Sabke liye barabar aawaaz

Teeno levels pe khaas niyam banaaye gaye hain taaki vanchit varg apni zarooratein aur samasyaein suna sakein. Ek-tihaai seats mahilaon ke liye aarakshit hain. (Extra: Panchayati Raj sansthaon ko 73rd Amendment se Samvidhaan mein jagah mili, jo 1993 mein laagu hua.)

Alag States, ek maqsad

Panchayati Raj sansthaon ka dhaancha aur kaam State ke hisaab se thoda alag hota hai, kyunki un par States ka adhikaar hai. Par maqsad har jagah ek hai: gaon waalon ko apne gaon aur ilaake ke prabandh aur vikas mein sakriya hissa dena. Yahan democracy do tarah kaam karti hai: seedhe, jab saare baalig Gram Sabha mein milte hain, aur unke chune pratinidhiyon ke zariye.

Panchayat aur Central government

Panchayat aur Central government dono baalig naagrikon ke chune pratinidhiyon se bante hain, aur dono ke head aur madad karne waale adhikaari hote hain. Par Panchayat gaon, block ya zila dekhti hai, jabki Central government poora desh, raksha aur currency jaise maamlon ke saath. Aur Gram Sabha mein har baalig voter seedhe hissa le sakta hai, jo poore desh ke liye possible nahi. Gaon ka level kaise kaam karta hai, padho Gram Sabha aur Gram Panchayat mein.