Gram Sabha aur Gram Panchayat kya hain?

Sawalon se bhara ek gaon

Lakshmanpur Himalaya ki talhati mein ek chhota gaon hai, 200 gharon aur lagbhag 700 logon ka, jinme zyaadatar kisaan hain jo fasal ugaate hain aur gaay ya bakriyan paalte hain. Logon ko kheton ke liye paani, baarish ke baad sadak ki marammat aur chalta hua primary school chahiye. Wo aise maamlon ka faisla kaise karenge, aur zameen ka jhagda kaun suljhaayega? Jawab hai unki local government, Panchayat, jo do samoohon ke zariye kaam karti hai: Gram Sabha aur Gram Panchayat.

Gram Sabha

Gram Sabha gaon, ya paas-paas ke gaonon ke samooh, ke un saare baaligon se banti hai jo voters ke roop mein darj hain. Gram Sabha mein mahilaayein aur purush apne ilaake ke saare maamlon pe charcha karte hain aur faisle lete hain. Kyunki har baalig voter seedhe hissa le sakta hai, Gram Sabha zameeni level pe direct democracy ka roop hai.

Gram Panchayat

Gram Panchayat Panchayati Raj system ki neenv hai aur gaon ke logon ke sabse paas ki sanstha. Iske sadasya Gram Sabha seedhe chunti hai. Har Gram Panchayat ek head ya adhyaksh chunti hai, jise Sarpanch ya Pradhan kehte hain. Haal ke saalon mein zyaada se zyaada mahilaayein Sarpanch bani hain.

Gram Panchayat ke madadgaar:

• ek Panchayat Secretary, jo prashaasnik kaam karta hai, jaise meetings bulaana aur records rakhna;
• India ke kai hisson mein ek Patwari, jo gaon waalon ki zameen ke records rakhta hai. Kuch Patwariyon ke paas peedhiyon purane nakshe hote hain, jo dikhaate hain ki kaunsi zameen kiski thi aur gaon kaise badla.

Badlaav laane waale Sarpanch

• Dnyaneshwar Kamble, ek transgender vyakti, 2017 mein Maharashtra ke Solapur zile ke Tarangfal ke Sarpanch bane, chhe aur ummeedwaaron ko haraakar. Kamble ka motto hai lok seva, gram seva: gaon ki seva hi janta ki seva hai.
• Bhil samudaay ki Vandana Bahadur Maida Madhya Pradesh ke Khankhandvi ki pehli mahila Sarpanch bani. Unhone mahilaon ko Sabha ki meetings mein aane ke liye manaaya aur shiksha aur safaai ke mudde uthaaye.
• Popatrao Baguji Pawar ne gaon waalon ki madad se Maharashtra ke Ahmednagar zile ke sookha-grast Hiware Bazar ko baarish ka paani bachaakar, watershed sanrakshan aur laakhon ped lagaakar hara-bhara aur sampann bana diya. Unhe 2020 mein Padma Shri mila.

Panchayat mein bachche

Panchayaton ko sabki baat sunni chahiye, bachchon ki bhi. Child-Friendly Panchayat Initiative ke tahat bachche Bal Sabha aur Bal Panchayat mein apne vichaar rakhte hain, aur gaon ke bade unki chintaaon ke hal dhoondhne ki koshish karte hain.

• Maharashtra mein kuch Bal Panchayaton ne baal mazdoori aur baal vivaah khatam karne ka kaam kiya, aur maa-baap se baat karke bahut se bachchon ko school wapas laaye.
• West Sikkim ki Sangkhu Radhu Khandu Gram Panchayat ne schoolon ko surakshit banaane ke liye chaardeewaari banaayi aur mid-day meal saaf-suthre tareeke se pakaane ke liye rasoi. Ise child-friendly Gram Panchayat ghoshit kiya gaya.
• Gaon ke Rajasthan mein Bunker Roy ke Barefoot College ki Children’s Parliament ne 8 se 14 saal ke bachchon ko raat ke schoolon aur voter ID card waale chunaavon se democracy sikhaayi; chuni hui ‘Cabinet’ ne school chalaane mein madad ki. Ise 2001 mein World’s Children’s Honorary Award mila.

Ek gaon mein do tarah ki democracy

Panchayati Raj system mein democracy logon ki seedhi bhaagidaari (Gram Sabha mein) aur unke chune pratinidhiyon (Gram Panchayat mein), dono ke zariye kaam karti hai. Gaon ke upar block aur zile ke levels hain; dekho Panchayati Raj kya hai.