Municipal Corporation kya karti hai?

Kis shahar mein kaunsi body?

Shaharon aur kasbon mein local government urban local bodies chalaati hain. Kisi jagah mein kaunsi body hogi, ye wahan ki aabaadi pe nirbhar hai. Chapter ye niyam deta hai:

Aabaadi	Sabse oonchi urban local body	Doosra naam
10 lakh se zyaada	Municipal Corporation	Mahanagar Nigam
1 lakh se 10 lakh	Municipal Council	Nagar Palika
Chhote kasbe	Nagar Panchayat

Ek lakh yaani 1,00,000 log, isliye Municipal Corporation 10,00,000 se zyaada logon ke shahar ko sambhaalti hai. Chennai, Indore aur Mumbai, teeno ki urban bodies mein sabse upar Municipal Corporation hai. (Extra: har State apne exact niyam khud banaata hai, isliye kuch chhote shaharon mein bhi Municipal Corporation hoti hai.)

Ye kya karti hain?

Municipal Corporation, Municipal Council aur Nagar Panchayat, teeno apne ilaake ke liye ek jaisa kaam karti hain, bas alag paimaane pe:

• Infrastructure: paani ki supply, sadkein aur naaliyan, aur kuch kharaab ho to marammat;
• Safaai: kachra uthaana aur nipataana, aur kabristan ki dekhbhaal;
• Records aur ijaazat: marriage certificate jaise certificates, aur business, trade aur hoardings ke licences;
• Emergency aur maang: fire services, ambulance aur water tanker;
• Yojanaayein aur planning: dekhna ki sarkaari yojanaayein lagu hon, aur ilaake ke aarthik aur saamaajik vikas ki kuch planning;
• Paisa: local tax aur jurmaane lena.

Wards aur chune hue members

Shahar itna bada hota hai ki ek daftar se nahi sambhalta, isliye use chhoti ikaaiyon mein baanta jaata hai jinhe wards kehte hain. Ward committees health camps aur single-use plastic ke khilaaf campaigns chalaati hain, aur paani ke leak, band naaliyon aur tooti sadkon pe nazar rakh ke unhe authorities ko report karti hain. Urban local bodies mein chune hue members hote hain jo local nagrikon ki numaaindgi karte hain, jaise gaon waale apni Gram Panchayat chunte hain. (Extra: kai States mein har ward ek councillor chunta hai, jise Municipal Corporation mein corporator kehte hain, aur corporation ka mukhiya Mayor hota hai.)

Paisa kahan se aata hai?

Chapter mein Indore Municipal Corporation ki services dekho, to samajh aata hai ki shahar ki body kaise kamaati hai:

• tax: imaaraton pe property tax;
• charges: jo paani wo deti hai uske water charges;
• fees: business aur trade licences, hoardings aur marriage certificates ke liye;
• maangne pe services: water tanker, septic tanker, auditorium, funeral van, mobile toilet aur ambulance, jinhe log book karte hain aur aam taur pe unke paise dete hain;
• local niyam todne pe jurmaane.

(Extra: shahar ki bodies ko State aur Union sarkaaron se grants bhi milti hain.)

Indore: ek shahar aur uske nagrik

Madhya Pradesh ka Indore Swachh Survekshan survey mein lagaataar saat saal India ka sabse saaf shahar bana. Municipal Corporation ye akele nahi kar sakti. Jab log ghar pe kachra alag karte hain, dustbin use karte hain, single-use plastic se bachte hain aur dikkatein jaldi report karte hain, tab kachra uthaane ka kaam aasaani se chalta hai. Participatory democracy mein nagrikon ke farz nibhaane ka chapter yahi matlab batata hai.

Sabse purani shahar ki bodies

Madras Corporation, jo ab Greater Chennai Corporation hai, 29 September 1688 ko bani aur India ki sabse purani municipal sanstha hai. Bombay Municipal Corporation, jo ab Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai hai, 1865 mein bani. Ye bodies sarkaar ke saare levels mein kahan aati hain, ye dekhne ke liye padho Chapter 12 ke notes.