Class 6 Social Science Chapter 14: Economic Activities Around Us (Hinglish Notes)
Ye chapter 5 lines mein
Economic activities teen sectors mein baanti jaati hain. Primary sector cheezein seedhe prakriti se leta hai: kheti, khanan, machhli pakadna, pashupaalan aur jungle ka kaam. Secondary sector in kachche maal ko mills aur factories mein saamaan mein badalta hai, aur isme nirmaan aur paani, bijli, gas ki supply bhi aati hai. Tertiary, yaani service, sector dono ka saath deta hai: transport, vyapaar, bank, sanchaar, doctor aur teacher. Teeno ek-doosre pe nirbhar hain, jaise AMUL aur ek kitaab banne ki kahani dikhaati hai.
Economic activities ko samoohon mein kyun baantein?
Chapter Kautilya ke Arthashastra ke ek vichaar se shuru hota hai: economic activity samriddhi ki jad hai, aur iske bina samaaj ko aaj bhi aur aage bhi mushkil hoti hai. Chapter 13 mein humne dekha ki jo gatividhiyan monetary value banaati hain, yaani paise mein naapi ja sakne waali keemat, ve economic activities hain. Bahut pehle zyaadatar log kheti karte, jaanwar paalte, auzaar aur bartan banaate, ya kapda bunte the. Aaj kahin zyaada tarah ke kaam hain: computer, phone aur drone banaana; bank, school aur hotel mein kaam; gaadiyan chalaana; furniture banaana; machine se silaai; software banaana; fridge aur washing machine theek karna. In gatividhiyon ko economic sectors mein baantne se samajh aata hai ki ye kaise chalti hain aur ek-doosre se kaise judi hain.
Teen sectors
Primary sector: wo gatividhiyan jinme log saamaan banaane ke liye seedhe prakriti pe nirbhar hain, jaise anaaj aur sabziyan ugaana, jungle se lakdi ikattha karna, khadaanon se koyla nikaalna, machhli pakadna aur poultry farm se ande ikattha karna. Sabse aam hain kheti, khanan, machhli pakadna, pashupaalan aur jungle ka kaam.
Secondary sector: wo gatividhiyan jo primary sector ke utpaadon ko lekar unhe saamaan mein badalti hain. Isme imaaraton aur sadkon ka nirmaan, paani, bijli aur gas ki supply, aur factories mein manufacturing aate hain: mills mein anaaj se aata banta hai, moongphali se tel, chai ki pattiyon se chai, lakdi se furniture aur kaagaz, kapaas se kapde, aur iron ore se bane steel se car aur truck.
| 2022 mein India mein bani gaadiyan | Sankhya |
|---|---|
| Passenger vehicles, jaise car | 45 lakh |
| Commercial vehicles, jaise truck | 10.3 lakh |
| Three-wheelers | 8.6 lakh |
| Two-wheelers | 2 crore |
(Chapter mein diya source: Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers.)
Tertiary sector: wo gatividhiyan jo baaki dono ko services deti hain, jo hume dikhti nahi par jinke bina kaam nahi chalta: anaaj ko factory aur bazaar tak le jaate truck driver, sabzi waale, doctor, nurse, teacher, vakeel aur pilot, technician aur mistri, electrician, mobile aur internet services, software, aur hotel, bank, school, hospital, airport, dukaanon aur godaamon ki services. Ise service sector bhi kehte hain. Aur padho primary, secondary aur tertiary activities mein.
AMUL: sectors milkar kaam karte hain
Aaj Anand zile, Gujarat ke kisaan apni gaay-bhains duhkar doodh gaon ki dairy ko bechte hain, aur mahine ke ant mein unhe uski maatra aur gunvatta ke hisaab se paisa milta hai. 1940s ki shuruaat mein aisa nahi tha: ve garmi mein paidal ya cycle se paas ke gaonon mein doodh bechne jaate the, kharab hone se pehle, aur bichauliye use thok mein bahut kam daam pe khareedte the. Kisaan Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel ke paas gaye, jinhone unhe cooperative banaane ki salaah di. AMUL (Anand Milk Union Limited) 1946 mein bana, vakeel aur swatantrata senaani Tribhuvandas Patel aur engineer Dr Varghese Kurien ki aguvaai mein. Kisaan, auratein bhi, ab utpaadan, pasteurisation aur bikri ke faisle khud lene lage, kaam baanta, aur zyaada kamaane lage. Cooperative badha, Anand mein makkhan aur milk powder ki factory lagi, aur aaj iske utpaad poore India mein bikte hain aur export bhi hote hain.
| Sector | AMUL ki kahani mein kya hota hai |
|---|---|
| Primary | Kisaan gaay-bhains duhte hain |
| Secondary | Factories mein doodh se milk powder, ghee, cheese, makkhan aur bahut kuch banta hai |
| Tertiary | Lorry, truck, railway, plane aur jahaaz utpaad le jaate hain; retail stores aur dukaanein bechte hain |
Doosre doodh cooperatives mein Nandini (Karnataka), Mother Dairy (Delhi-NCR), Aavin (Tamil Nadu), Vijaya (Andhra Pradesh), Kevi (Nagaland), Sudha (Bihar) aur Verka (Punjab) hain.
Pedon se textbook tak
Tumhari kitaabein pulp se banti hain, yaani pedon ke lakdi waale reshe se. Ped kaate jaate hain aur lakdi ikattha hoti hai (primary), truck use le jaate hain (tertiary), mills pulp se kaagaz banaati hain (secondary), godaam use rakhte hain (tertiary), press kitaabein chhaapte hain (secondary) aur dukaanein bechti hain (tertiary). Teeno sectors ke saath kaam kiye bina ye mumkin nahi. Purana kaagaz recycle bhi ho sakta hai: ek tonne recycle karne se 17 ped aur 2.5 cubic metre landfill ki jagah bachti hai, aur pulp se naya kaagaz banaane se 70 pratishat kam energy aur paani lagta hai.
Sectors ek-doosre pe nirbhar hain
Factories ko kheton, jungle aur khadaanon se kachcha maal chahiye; kisaanon ko factories se tractor aur auzaar chahiye; aur dono ko truck, bank, dukaanein, godaam, phone aur marammat ki services chahiye. Ek gatividhi ruke to baaki pe asar padta hai. Chapter ke har sawal ka jawab Chapter 14 ke NCERT solutions mein hai.
Key terms (zaroori shabd)
| Term | Matlab |
|---|---|
| Monetary value (paise waali keemat) | Kisi cheez ki wo keemat jo paise mein naapi ja sake. Jo gatividhiyan monetary value banaati hain, ve economic activities hain. |
| Economic sector | Milti-julti economic activities ka bada samooh, jo desh ki aarthik samriddhi mein madad karta hai. |
| Primary sector | Wo gatividhiyan jo kachcha maal seedhe prakriti se leti hain, jaise kheti, machhli pakadna, khanan aur jungle ka kaam. |
| Secondary sector | Wo gatividhiyan jo primary sector ke kachche maal ko bechne ya use karne laayak saamaan mein badalti hain, jaise aata, kapda, kaagaz ya car banaana. |
| Tertiary sector (service sector) | Wo gatividhiyan jo primary aur secondary sector ko services deti hain, jaise transport, banking, vyapaar aur business ka prabandhan. |
| Warehouse (godaam) | Badi imaarat jahan saamaan bikne ya use hone se pehle rakha jaata hai, ya dukaanon ko kiraaye pe diya jaata hai. |
| Dairy | Wo jagah jahan doodh ikattha aur jama kiya jaata hai. |
| Cooperative (sahkaari samiti) | Logon ka samooh jo apni marzi se apni aarthik aur saamaajik zarooraton ke liye ek tay tareeke se judta hai. Iske maalik ve khud hain aur faisle milkar lete hain. |
| Middlemen (bichauliye) | Log jo utpaadakon se saamaan khareed ke graahakon ko bechte hain, aur is sewa ki fee lete hain. |
| Pasteurisation | Doodh ko ek tay taapmaan tak garam karke nuksaandeh bacteria khatam karna, taaki wo zyaada der tike. |
| Retail (khudra) | Saamaan ko thodi-thodi maatra mein un logon ko bechna jo use istemaal karte hain, dobaara bechne ke liye nahi. |
| Export (niryaat) | Ek desh mein bane saamaan aur services jo doosre desh ke khareedaaron ko beche jaate hain. |
Is chapter ke topics
Practice karo
-
Machhli pakadna kaunsi activity hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (a) primary activity
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Moongphali se tel nikaalna kaunsi activity hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) secondary activity
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Kis sector ko service sector bhi kehte hain?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) Tertiary
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Anand zile ke kisaanon ko cooperative banaane ki salaah kisne di?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
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AMUL kis saal bana?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) 1946
Students ke sawal
Class 6 SST Chapter 14 mein kya padhte hain?
Economic activities ko primary, secondary aur tertiary sectors mein kaise baanta jaata hai, har ek ke udaharan, Anand, Gujarat ka AMUL doodh cooperative, pedon se textbook kaise banti hai, aur teeno sectors ek-doosre pe kaise nirbhar hain.
Kya Economic Activities Around Us nayi Exploring Society book mein hai?
Haan. Economic Activities Around Us, Exploring Society: India and Beyond ka Chapter 14, yaani aakhri chapter hai, jo 2026-27 session mein Class 6 Social Science ki textbook hai. Ye Chapter 13, The Value of Work, ke baad aata hai.
Chapter 14 mein end-of-chapter sawal kitne hain?
“Questions, activities and projects” section mein 3 sawal hain, jinme teeno sectors ka ek flow diagram bhi hai. Hamare NCERT solutions page pe inke jawab hain, saath mein Big Questions, Think About It aur Let's Explore boxes, aur Don't Miss Out ke sawal bhi.
Koi sawal atak gaya?
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