Photosynthesis kya hai?

Paudhe apna khaana khud banaate hain

Jaanwar khaana paudhe khaakar paate hain, ya un jaanwaron ko khaakar jo paudhe khaate hain. Paudhe bilkul nahi khaate: wo apna khaana banaate hain. Khaana zyaadatar patton mein banta hai aur starch, ek carbohydrate, ke roop mein jama hota hai. Patte aam taur pe chaude aur chapte hote hain, aur zyaadatar chlorophyll ki wajah se hare, jo dhoop pakadne waala pigment hai. Isiliye patton ko paudhe ki food factory kehte hain.

Patte mein starch ki jaanch

Iodine starch ko blue-black karta hai, par patte ka hara rang ye badlaav chhupa deta. Isliye patte ko lagbhag paanch minute ubalte paani mein naram karte hain, phir garam paani mein khadi alcohol waali test tube mein rakhte hain jab tak uska hara rang na nikal jaaye. Alcohol aasaani se aag pakadta hai, isliye use kabhi seedhe lau pe garam nahi karte. Phir pheeke patte pe patle iodine ki kuch boondein, starch ho to, use blue-black kar deti hain.

Roshni aur chlorophyll zaroori hain

Kuch patton pe hare aur safed dhabbe hote hain. Agar aise patte ek dhoop mein rakhe paudhe se aur ek 36 ghante andhere mein rakhe paudhe se lekar jaanche jaayein, to sirf dhoop waale patte ke hare dhabbe blue-black hote hain. Andhere waale patte mein bilkul starch nahi milta. Yaani starch wahin banta hai jahan chlorophyll ho, aur sirf roshni mein. Safed dhabbon mein shaayad itna kam chlorophyll ho ki jaanch mein dikhne laayak starch na bane. Laal, baingani ya bhoore dikhne waale patton mein bhi chlorophyll hota hai, jo doosre pigments ke peeche chhupa rehta hai, aur wo bhi starch banaate hain.

Carbon dioxide zaroori hai

Pehle paudhe ko do-teen din andhere mein rakh kar destarch karte hain. Phir uske ek patte ka aadha hissa ek kati cork se caustic soda waali bottle mein daalte hain, jo carbon dioxide sokh leta hai, aur set-up ko kuch ghante dhoop mein rakhte hain. Iodine test mein bottle ke bahar waala hissa blue-black hota hai, par andar waala nahi. Dono hisson ko paani, chlorophyll aur roshni mili; sirf andar waale ko carbon dioxide nahi mili. Isliye hawa ki carbon dioxide khaana banaane ke liye zaroori hai.

Oxygen nikalti hai

Paani ke ek beaker mein paani ka paudha ulte funnel ke neeche rakha jaata hai, aur funnel ki nali pe paani se bhari test tube ulti rakhi jaati hai. Dhoop mein bulbule uthte hain aur tube ke upar gas jama hoti hai; andhere mein bulbule nahi bante. Jama gas mein jalti teeli daalne pe lau aur tez ho jaati hai, isliye gas mein oxygen bharpoor hai. Roshni mein khaana banaate samay paudhe oxygen chhodte hain.

Sab ek saath

Photosynthesis hare paudhon dwara dhoop aur chlorophyll ki maujoodgi mein khaana banaana hai:

Carbon dioxide + paani → glucose + oxygen (dhoop, chlorophyll)

Khaana pehle glucose, ek saral carbohydrate, ke roop mein banta hai, jo turant energy deta hai ya jama hone ke liye starch ban jaata hai. Carbon dioxide andar aur oxygen baahar stomata se jaati hai, jo zyaadatar patton ki neeche ki satah pe chhote ched hain. Paani jadon se patton tak pahunchta hai. Patte main jagah hain, par chlorophyll waala koi bhi hara hissa photosynthesis kar sakta hai. Indian plant scientist R. H. Dastur ne study kiya ki paani, taapmaan aur roshni ka rang photosynthesis pe kya asar daalte hain.

Ye kyun zaroori hai

Lagbhag har jeevit cheez khaane ke liye photosynthesis pe, aur isse nikalne waali oxygen pe, tiki hai. Paani aur khaana kaise chalte hain, ye paudhon mein transport kaise hota hai? mein seekho, aur khaana kaise istemaal hota hai, ye kya paudhe saans lete hain? mein. Textbook ke sawaalon ke jawab Chapter 10 ke NCERT solutions mein hain; poore Chapter 10 ke notes dekho.