Cell, battery aur lamp: torch kaise kaam karti hai?
Short mein jawab
Torch ek circuit hai. Iske cells, jinme har ek ki positive dhaatu ki topi aur negative chapti plate hai, positive se negative jodkar battery banaate hain. Switch raasta poora karta hai, aur current lamp jalaata hai: ya to incandescent lamp, jiska filament garam hokar chamakta hai, ya LED, jisme filament nahi hota aur current sirf ek taraf jaata hai.
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Torch ko samjho
Torch ka switch ek taraf sarkaao to lamp jalta hai; waapas sarkaao to roshni bujh jaati hai. Torch kholo to aam taur pe andar do ya zyaada electric cells milte hain. Torch sabse saral bijli ke devices mein se ek hai, aur ise kholkar har circuit ke hisse dikhte hain: energy ka srot, lamp, switch aur unke beech ke jod.
Electric cell
Cell ko dhyaan se dekho. Ek sire pe chhoti ubhri dhaatu ki topi hai aur plus (+) likha hai: ye positive terminal hai. Doosra sira chapti dhaatu ki plate hai aur minus (−) likha hai: ye negative terminal hai. Har cell ke ye do terminal hote hain. Cell bijli ka saath le jaane laayak srot hai, isliye ye torch, ghadi, remote aur khilaune chalaata hai, aur isiliye tumhare prayogon ke liye yahi surakshit srot hai.
Cells se battery
Torch se do cells nikaalo aur alag-alag kram mein waapas rakho, ya ek ko ulta karo, phir switch aazmaao. Lamp tabhi jalta hai jab cells ek khaas kram mein hon: ek cell ka positive terminal agle ke negative terminal ko chhoota ho. Do ya zyaada cells ka aisa jod battery hai. Zyaada cells circuit ko zyaada der tak aur/ya zyaada energy dete hain. Jin devices mein cells agal-bagal lete hote hain, wahan ek mota taar ya dhaatu ki patti ek cell ke positive ko agle ke negative se jodti hai, aur andar bane + aur − nishaan batate hain ki har cell kis taraf rakhna hai.
Incandescent lamp
Kai purani torches mein incandescent lamp hota hai. Teacher ki madad se uske kaanch ke bulb ke andar dekho: ek patla taar, filament, do mote taaron ke beech tika hai. Ek mota taar base ke dhaatu ke case se aur doosra base ke beech ki dhaatu ki nok se juda hai. Yahi lamp ke do terminal hain, aur ye aise lage hain ki kabhi ek doosre ko na chhuen. Current behne pe filament garam hokar chamakta hai.
LED
Aaj zyaadatar torches mein light emitting diode (LED) hota hai, aksar aise fit ki nikaala na ja sake. LED mein filament nahi hota. Iske do taar alag lambaai ke hain: lamba taar positive terminal aur chhota taar negative. LED mein current sirf ek disha mein guzarta hai, isliye ye tabhi jalta hai jab iska lamba taar battery ke positive terminal se aur chhota taar negative terminal se jude. Torch mein ek ya kai LED ho sakte hain, kabhi alag aakaar ke bhi.
Torch ko jodkar dekho
Torch mein battery, switch aur lamp dhaatu ke hisson se ek loop mein jude hote hain. Switch ON karne pe loop band hota hai, current battery ke positive terminal se lamp se hokar negative terminal tak behta hai, aur lamp jalta hai. Iska circuit diagram bas ek loop mein battery, switch aur lamp hai.
Ye kyun zaroori hai
Aaj cells kai aakaaron mein aate hain: torch, ghadi, remote aur khilaunon ke liye belan jaise cells, ghadi aur sunne ki machine ke liye button cells, aur phone, laptop aur electric gaadiyon ke liye rechargeable batteries. Ye hisse saath kaise kaam karte hain, ye electric circuit kaise banta hai mein hai, aur kaunse padaarth current le jaate hain, ye conductors aur insulators mein. Har activity aur sawaal ka jawab Chapter 3 ke NCERT solutions mein hai; poore Chapter 3 ke notes bhi dekho.
Practice karo
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Cell ka negative terminal kaunsa hissa hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Chapti dhaatu ki plate
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Incandescent lamp ke andar kaunsa hissa chamakta hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) Filament
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LED ke baare mein kaunsi baat sahi hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) Current isme sirf ek taraf jaata hai
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Jis battery ke nishaan mit gaye hon, uske + aur − terminal kaise pehchaanoge?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Sire dekho: chhoti ubhri dhaatu ki topi waala sira positive aur chapta sira negative hai. Ya LED jodkar dekho: jale to LED ke lambe taar se juda terminal positive hai; na jale to taar badalkar phir dekho.
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Zyaada cells ki battery kya deti hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Cells ko positive se negative jodne pe circuit ko zyaada der tak aur/ya zyaada energy milti hai, isliye kai torches aur devices mein do ya zyaada cells hote hain.
Students ke sawal
Cell aur battery mein kya farq hai?
Cell bijli ka ek akela, saath le jaane laayak srot hai jiske positive aur negative terminal hain. Battery do ya zyaada cells hain jo is tarah jude hon ki ek ka positive terminal agle ke negative terminal se mile. Roz ki bolchaal mein mobile phone jaise akele cell ko bhi battery kehte hain.
Incandescent lamp aur LED mein kya farq hai?
Incandescent lamp mein patla filament do mote taaron pe tika hota hai, jo uske do terminals, dhaatu ke case aur dhaatu ki nok, se jude hain; current filament ko garam karke chamkaata hai, chaahe lamp kisi bhi taraf jude. LED mein filament nahi hota, uska lamba taar positive hai, aur wo sahi taraf jodne pe hi jalta hai.
Torch kaise kaam karti hai?
Iske cells positive se negative rakhkar battery banaate hain. Switch ON karne pe battery se lamp tak aur waapas ek circuit poora hota hai. Tab current behta hai aur lamp, incandescent bulb ya LED, roshni deta hai. OFF karne pe gap ban jaata hai, current ruk jaata hai aur roshni bujh jaati hai.
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