Bijli ke conductors aur insulators
Short mein jawab
Conductors wo padaarth hain jinme se electric current aasaani se behta hai, jaise copper, aluminium aur lohe jaisi dhaatuyein. Insulators wo padaarth hain jinme se current nahi guzarta, jaise plastic, rubber, kaanch, lakdi aur ceramics. Taar copper ke bante hain aur unpe plastic ya rubber ka cover hota hai, taaki current sahi jagah bahe aur hum surakshit rahein.
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Dhaatu ke taar kyun?
Circuits mein dhaatu ke taar lagte hain, aur unpe plastic ya rubber ka cover hota hai. Kisi aur cheez ke taar kyun nahi, aur cover kyun? Ek saral tester dono sawaalon ka jawab deta hai.
Conduction tester
Ek cell aur torch ke lamp ko taaron se jodo, aur do taar ke sire khule chhodo. Khule siron ko pal bhar ke liye milaao: lamp jale to tester taiyaar hai. Ab dono siron ko alag-alag cheezon ke dono kinaron se ek-ek karke chhuao, dhyaan rahe ki taar aapas mein na chhuen. Lamp jale to current cheez se guzarkar circuit poora kar raha hai; na jale to cheez ne use rok diya.
Tester kya dikhata hai
Lamp sirf kuch padaarthon se jalta hai. Chaabi, sikka, steel ka chammach, pin, silaai ki sui aur aluminium foil lamp jalaate hain: ye conductors hain, jinme se current aasaani se behta hai. Lakdi ki chhadi, plastic ka scale, kaanch ki choodi, kaagaz ki patti, mombatti, rubber ka eraser, cork aur cardboard nahi jalaate: ye insulators, yaani poor conductors, hain, jinme se current nahi guzarta. List ke saare conductors dhaatuyein hain, isliye taar dhaatu ke bante hain. Extra: pencil ki lead graphite hai, jo dhaatu nahi, phir bhi current chalaati hai, haalaanki ek cell se lamp shaayad halka hi jale.
Andar copper, bahar plastic
Silver, copper aur gold baaki dhaatuon se behtar current chalaate hain, par silver aur gold mehnge hain. Copper sasta aur bhar-poor hai, isliye zyaadatar bijli ke taar isi ke bante hain, alag kaamon ke liye alag tarah ke. Copper ke chaaron or plastic ya rubber ka cover hota hai, jo insulator hai. Conductors aur insulators saath kaam karte hain: taar, switch ke contacts, plug ki pins aur sockets conductors ke bante hain taaki current beh sake, jabki plastic, rubber aur ceramics taar, plug ke top aur switch dhakte hain taaki current hum tak na pahunche.
Pehle suraksha
Hamara shareer bhi conductor hai. Usme se guzarta current gambheer chot ya maut tak de sakta hai. Isliye geele haathon se switch ya plug kabhi mat chhuo, geeli jagah bijli ke device mat chalaao, aur kharaab cover ya toote plug waale saamaan ko haath mat lagaao. Bijli ke khambhon pe khatre ke nishaan isi khatre ki chetaavni dete hain. Prayog ke liye sirf cells aur batteries use karo, jaise torch, ghadi, radio aur remote waale; ghar ya school ki supply, ya portable generator bhi, kabhi use mat karo.
DC aur AC
Cell ki bijli deewaar ke socket ki bijli se alag hai. Cells aur batteries direct current (DC) dete hain, jo aam taur pe chhote devices chalaata hai. Power plants deewaar ke sockets tak alternating current (AC) bhejte hain, jo bade appliances chala sakta hai.
Ye kyun zaroori hai
Sahi padaarth chunne se current wahin behta hai jahan chahiye aur logon se door rehta hai. Loop mein current kaise behta hai, ye electric circuit kaise banta hai mein hai, aur torch ke hisse cell, battery aur lamp mein. Har activity aur sawaal ka jawab Chapter 3 ke NCERT solutions mein hai; poore Chapter 3 ke notes bhi dekho.
Practice karo
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Conduction tester ka lamp kis cheez se jalega?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) Steel ki chaabi
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Bijli ke taar zyaadatar copper ke kyun bante hain?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Ye achha current chalaata hai aur sasta aur bhar-poor hai
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Inme se kaun bijli ka poor conductor hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (d) Plastic
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Ek student se taaron ke siron ka plastic hataana chhoot gaya. Kya lamp jalega?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Nahi. Plastic insulator hai, isliye taar ki dhaatu terminals ko chhoo hi nahi paati aur raasta poora nahi hota. Har sire se lagbhag 1 cm cover hataane ke baad hi current beh sakta hai.
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Ghar ki aisi cheez batao jisme conductor aur insulator dono hon.
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Bijli ki press: uska base dhaatu ka, yaani conductor, aur handle plastic ka, yaani insulator, hota hai. Plastic handle aur steel ki nok waala screwdriver bhi ek udaaharan hai.
Students ke sawal
Conductors aur insulators mein kya farq hai?
Conductors current ko aasaani se guzarne dete hain, isliye circuit poora karne pe tester ka lamp jalta hai; copper, aluminium aur loha jaisi dhaatuyein conductors hain. Insulators current nahi guzarne dete, isliye lamp nahi jalta; plastic, rubber, kaanch, lakdi, kaagaz, mom aur ceramics insulators hain, jinhe poor conductors bhi kehte hain.
Bijli ke taaron pe plastic ya rubber ka cover kyun hota hai?
Plastic aur rubber insulators hain. Cover current ko copper ke andar rakhta hai, taar chhoone waale ke shareer mein jaane se rokta hai, aur logon ko bijli ke jhatke se bachaata hai. Plug ke top aur switch ke cover bhi isi wajah se insulators ke bante hain, jabki andar current le jaane waale hisse conductors hote hain.
Geele haathon se switch kyun nahi chhoona chahiye?
Hamara shareer bijli ka conductor hai, aur paani current ko twacha tak pahunchne mein madad karta hai. Shareer se guzarta current gambheer chot ya maut tak de sakta hai, isliye switch aur plug sookhe haathon se chhuo, devices ko geeli jagah se door rakho, aur kharaab taar ya toota plug kabhi use mat karo.
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