Electric circuit kaise banta hai?
Short mein jawab
Electric circuit current ka poora raasta hai: cell ke positive terminal se, taaron aur lamp se hokar, waapas negative terminal tak. Lamp tabhi jalta hai jab raasta poora ho. Switch ON hone pe circuit band (closed) karta hai aur OFF hone pe khol (open) deta hai. Circuit diagram har component ke maanak symbol se circuit dikhata hai.
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Cell aur lamp jodne ke chhe tareeke
Ek cell, holder mein laga torch ka lamp aur kuch taar lo, jinke dono siron se lagbhag 1 cm plastic hata diya gaya ho. Inhe chhe alag tareekon se jodo, pehle andaaza lagaakar aur phir jaanchkar, to ek saaf pattern dikhta hai: lamp sirf do tareekon mein jalta hai. Un dono mein lamp ka ek terminal cell ke positive se aur doosra negative se juda hai. Jahan koi taar dheela chhoota hai, ya lamp ke dono taar cell ke ek hi terminal pe jaate hain, wahan lamp nahi jalta.
Poora raasta
Jab cell, taar aur lamp ek bina toote loop mein hon, to electric circuit banta hai. Isme electric current behta hai, aur uski disha cell ke positive terminal se, taaron aur lamp se hokar, negative terminal ki taraf maani jaati hai. Incandescent lamp mein current filament se guzarkar use chamkaata hai, aur farq nahi padta ki lamp ka kaunsa terminal cell ke kis terminal se juda hai. Agar filament toot jaaye, to lamp fuse ho gaya kehte hain: toot raaste mein gap hai, isliye current nahi behta.
LED alag hai, kyunki usme current sirf ek disha mein guzarta hai. Wo tab jalta hai jab uska lamba taar battery ke positive terminal se aur chhota taar negative terminal se jude; taar badal do to wo nahi jalta.
Switch circuit kholta aur band karta hai
Switch circuit ko poora karta ya todta hai. Do drawing pins, ek safety pin aur cardboard ke chhote tukde se ise bana sakte ho: safety pin ek drawing pin ke chaaron or ghoomti hai, aur uska doosra sira doosri pin tak ghumaaya ja sakta hai. Chhoone pe gap band hota hai, current positive se negative terminal ki taraf behta hai, aur lamp jalta hai; ye ON position hai aur circuit closed hai. Na chhoone pe gap current rok deta hai; ye OFF position hai aur circuit open hai. Switch loop mein kahin bhi ho, kaam karta hai, aur deewaar ke switch bhi plastic cover ke andar yahi kaam karte hain.
Ek loop mein raasta ek hi hota hai, isliye kahin bhi gap current ko har jagah rok deta hai. Ek loop mein do lamp aur do switch hon to lamp tabhi jalte hain jab dono switch ON hon, aur ek lamp fuse ho jaaye to doosra bhi bujh jaata hai.
Circuit diagram aur symbols
Asli hisse banaane ki jagah hum symbols use karte hain. Cell ek lambi aur ek chhoti line hai: lambi line positive aur chhoti line negative. Battery do ya zyaada cell symbols ek saath hai. Lamp cross waala gola hai. LED bar waala triangle hai, jiska triangle us disha mein ishaara karta hai jidhar current ja sakta hai, saath mein roshni ke liye do teer. Switch ON ke liye band aur OFF ke liye tirchhi, khuli line se banta hai. Symbols se bana circuit ka chitra uska circuit diagram hai, aur IEC, ANSI aur IEEE jaisi sansthaon ke maanak symbols alag deshon ke logon ko ek doosre ki baat samajhne mein madad karte hain.
Ye kyun zaroori hai
Torch se television tak, har bijli ka device poore circuits aur switches pe chalta hai. Circuit kin cheezon se banta hai, ye cell, battery aur lamp mein hai, aur kaunse padaarth current guzaarte hain, ye conductors aur insulators mein. Har activity aur sawaal ka jawab Chapter 3 ke NCERT solutions mein hai; poore Chapter 3 ke notes bhi dekho.
Practice karo
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Circuit mein lamp kab jalta hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Jab uske raaste ka circuit poora ho
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Ek loop mein do lamp aur battery hain. Ek lamp fuse ho jaata hai. Doosre ka kya hoga?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Bujh jaayega
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Circuit diagram mein cross waala gola kya dikhata hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) Electric lamp
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Torch ka lamp switch ki sirf ek position mein kyun jalta hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: ON position mein switch gap ko jod deta hai, isliye cells aur lamp ka circuit poora hota hai aur current behta hai. OFF position mein gap rehta hai, circuit khula hota hai aur current nahi behta.
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Do lamp L1 aur L2, battery aur do switch S1 aur S2 ek hi loop mein hon, to lamp kab jalenge?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Sirf tab jab S1 aur S2 dono ON hon. Raasta ek hi hai, isliye kisi bhi switch pe gap current ko har jagah rok deta hai aur koi lamp nahi jalta.
Students ke sawal
Electric circuit kya hai?
Wo poora raasta jisme electric current behta hai. Sabse saral circuit mein lamp ka ek terminal taar se cell ke ek terminal se, aur lamp ka doosra terminal cell ke doosre terminal se juda hota hai. Current positive terminal se lamp se hokar negative terminal tak behta hai, aur lamp jalta hai.
Open aur closed circuit mein kya farq hai?
Closed circuit mein raasta poora hota hai, isliye current behta hai aur lamp jalta hai; ON position ka switch circuit ko closed karta hai. Open circuit mein kahin gap hota hai, jaise OFF position ka switch ya dheela taar, isliye current nahi behta.
Circuit diagram kyun banaate hain?
Asli cells, lamps aur taaron ki tasveer ki jagah symbols se circuit jaldi banta aur aasaani se samajh aata hai. International Electrotechnical Commission jaisi sansthaayein maanak symbols tay karti hain, isliye ek desh mein bana circuit diagram kahin bhi padha ja sakta hai.
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