Class 7 Science Chapter 9: Life Processes in Animals (Hinglish Notes)

Ye chapter kis baare mein hai?

Jeevit praaniyon ko zinda rehne ke liye life processes chahiye, jaise poshan, respiration, circulation, excretion aur reproduction. Ye chapter inme se do ko dhyaan se dekhta hai. Poshan: jatil khaana kaise toota aur absorb hota hai, insaan mein aur gaay aur pakshiyon jaise jaanwaron mein. Respiration: hum saans kaise lete hain, andar li gayi oxygen ka kya hota hai, aur machhli, mendhak aur kenchue oxygen kaise paate hain.

Khaane ka safar

Jaanwar kai tarah ka khaana khaate hain: madhumakkhi aur sunbird phoolon ka ras choosti hain, bachche doodh peete hain, python apne shikaar ko poora nigal leta hai, aur kuch paani ke jaanwar chhote kan chhaankar khaate hain. Khaane mein carbohydrates, proteins aur fats jaise jatil hisse hote hain, jinhe sharir ke istemaal se pehle saral roop mein todna padta hai. Ye kaam alimentary canal mein hota hai, jo muh se anus tak ki lambi nali hai.

Muh mein daant khaane ko kuchalte aur chabaate hain (mechanical digestion), aur saliva use naram karke starch ko sugar mein badalna shuru karta hai; isiliye der tak chabaane pe chapati meethi lagti hai. Activity 9.1 ise iodine se dikhati hai, jo starch ko blue-black karta hai: ubla chawal blue-black ho jaata hai, par chabaaye chawal mein blue-black bahut kam ya bilkul nahi aata.

Stomach aur small intestine

Jeebh naram khaane ko food pipe (oesophagus) mein dhakelti hai, jiski deewaarein lehron mein sikudti aur failti hain aur khaane ko stomach tak le jaati hain. Stomach khaane ko mathta hai aur usme ek ras milata hai jo proteins todta hai, ek acid jo isme madad karta hai aur kai nuksaandeh bacteria maarta hai, aur mucus jo stomach ki parat bachaata hai. Iska bahut kuch pehli baar 1822 mein pata chala, jab doctor William Beaumont ne apne mareez Alexis St. Martin ke stomach ke kabhi na bharne waale ghaav se paachan ko dekha.

Small intestine lagbhag 6 m lambi hai, canal ka sabse lamba hissa. Ise liver se bile milta hai, jo stomach ke acid ko neutralise karta hai aur fats ko chhoti boondon mein todta hai, aur pancreas se ras, jo carbohydrates, proteins aur fats pe kaam karta hai. Iska apna ras kaam poora karta hai. Iski andar ki parat ke hazaaron ungli jaise ubhaar nutrients ko blood mein absorb karte hain, aur blood unhe poore sharir mein le jaata hai. Aur padho jaanwaron mein poshan aur paachan mein.

Large intestine aur pet ki sehat

Na pacha khaana large intestine mein jaata hai, jo lagbhag 1.5 m lambi par zyaada chaudi hai. Ye paani aur kuch namak sokhti hai, aur aadha thos stool bachta hai, jo rectum mein rukta hai aur anus se nikalta hai: egestion. Phal, sabziyon aur saabut anaaj ka fibre large intestine ko theek chalaata hai, aur iske bacteria fibre todkar kaam ke nutrients banaate hain; dahi, chhaachh, kanji, gundruk aur poita bhat jaise fermented khaane unki madad karte hain. Charaka Samhita ne aasaani se pachne waala khaana aur adrak aur jeera jaise masaale sujhaaye the.

Doosre jaanwaron mein paachan

Gaay aur bhains ghaas thodi chabaakar nigal leti hain; stomach mein aadha pachne ke baad wo muh mein waapas aati hai aur dheere-dheere dobara chabaayi jaati hai. Ye rumination hai, aur aise jaanwar ruminants kehlaate hain; gaay din mein lagbhag 8 ghante chabaati hai. Pakshiyon ke daant nahi hote: unka gizzard khaana peesta hai, aksar grit ki madad se. Har jaanwar ka canal uske khaane ke hisaab se bana hai.

Saans lena

Breathing yaani hawa andar lena (inhale) aur baahar nikaalna (exhale). Hawa nostrils se andar aati hai; nasal passages ke baal aur mucus dhool rokte hain, isiliye naak se saans leni chahiye. Wo windpipe se neeche jaati hai, jo do lungs mein bant jaati hai, aur shaakhaayein chhoti thailiyon, alveoli, pe khatm hoti hain. Rib cage lungs ko bachaata hai. Saans andar lete samay ribs upar aur baahar, aur diaphragm neeche jaata hai, jisse lungs ko zyaada jagah milti hai; saans chhodte samay ye waapas aakar hawa baahar dhakelte hain. Gubbaaron (lungs) aur rubber sheet (diaphragm) waala bottle model ye dikhata hai.

Hum kya saans chhodte hain

Lime water mein saans phoonkne pe wo doodhiya ho jaata hai, par pichkari se daali gayi kamre ki hawa se nahi, isliye chhodi gayi saans mein zyaada carbon dioxide hoti hai. Andar li gayi hawa mein lagbhag 21% oxygen aur 0.04% carbon dioxide hoti hai; chhodi gayi hawa mein lagbhag 16–17% oxygen aur 4–5% carbon dioxide.

Gas exchange aur respiration

Patli deewaar waali alveoli mein oxygen blood mein jaati hai aur carbon dioxide blood se baahar aakar saans ke saath nikal jaati hai. Dil blood ko blood vessels mein pump karta hai (circulatory system), jo oxygen aur nutrients poore sharir mein le jaata hai. Wahan respiration energy deta hai: glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + paani + energy. Breathing ek physical process hai; respiration ek chemical process.

Doosre jaanwar kaise saans lete hain

Pakshi, haathi, gaay, chhipkali aur saanp lungs se saans lete hain, haalaanki unke lungs alag hote hain. Machhli paani mein ghuli oxygen lene ke liye gills istemaal karti hai. Tadpole gills se saans leta hai; bada mendhak zameen pe lungs aur paani mein apni skin istemaal karta hai. Kenchua apni geeli skin se saans leta hai. Padho jaanwar saans kaise lete hain. Saare sawaalon ke jawab Chapter 9 ke NCERT solutions mein hain.