Paachan khaane ke jatil hisson, jaise starch, proteins aur fats, ko aise saral roop mein todna hai jinhe sharir absorb aur istemaal kar sake. Insaan mein ye alimentary canal mein, muh se anus tak, hota hai.

Insaan ke paachan tantra ke hisse kaun se hain?

Alimentary canal (muh, food pipe yaani oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum aur anus) aur usse jude do ang, liver aur pancreas, jo apna ras small intestine mein bhejte hain.

Pakshi bina daanton ke khaana kaise pachaate hain?

Pakshiyon mein gizzard naam ka maaspeshi waala hissa hota hai. Iski deewaarein sikudti aur failti hain aur khaana peesti hain, aksar pakshi ke nigle hue chhote pattharon, yaani grit, ki madad se.

Jaanwaron mein poshan aur paachan

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Khaane ko pachaana kyun zaroori hai

Khaana jaanwaron ko saari life processes ke liye energy aur saamaan deta hai. Par zyaadatar khaana jatil hisson, carbohydrates, proteins aur fats, se bana hota hai jinhe sharir seedhe istemaal nahi kar sakta. Paachan unhe saral roop mein todta hai. Insaan mein ye kadam dar kadam alimentary canal mein hota hai, jo muh se shuru hokar anus pe khatm hone waali lambi nali hai.

Muh se anus tak khaane ka safar, har jagah ka kaam, aur small intestine se jude liver aur pancreas — Muh se anus tak

Muh mein

Daant khaane ko kuchalkar aur chabaakar chhote tukde karte hain; ye mechanical digestion hai. Saliva khaane ko geela karta hai taaki wo aasaani se nigla ja sake, aur isme ek ras hota hai jo starch ko sugar mein todta hai. Pasandeeda khaane ke baare mein sochne se zyaada saliva aata hai, aur chapati ka tukda ek minute chabaane pe wo meetha lagne lagta hai.

Ise test kar sakte ho (Activity 9.1). Test tube A mein saada ubla chawal aur test tube B mein achhi tarah chabaaya ubla chawal lo, paani daalo aur iodine solution ki kuch boondein daalo. Iodine starch ko blue-black kar deta hai.

Uble chawal waali test tube A blue-black hoti hai; chabaaye chawal waali test tube B mein blue-black bahut kam ya nahi aata — Starch pe saliva ka asar

Tube A blue-black ho jaati hai, par tube B lagbhag waisi hi rehti hai, kyunki saliva uska starch pehle hi sugar mein tod chuka hai. Zyaada der chabaane se aur bhi kam starch bachta hai.

Stomach tak

Jeebh naram khaane ko food pipe (oesophagus) mein dhakelti hai. Iski deewaarein lehar ki tarah sikudti aur failti hain aur khaane ko neeche le jaati hain; aisi hi harkat poore canal mein khaane ko aage badhaati hai. Stomach khaane ko mathta hai aur usme digestive juice milata hai, jo proteins todta hai, acid, jo madad karta hai aur kai nuksaandeh bacteria maarta hai, aur mucus, jo stomach ki parat ko bachaata hai. Khaana aadha liquid ban jaata hai. Iska bahut kuch 1822 ke baad pata chala, jab Dr William Beaumont ne Alexis St. Martin ke stomach ke goli ke ghaav se, jo kabhi poora nahi bhara, paachan dekha.

Small intestine

Naam small hai, par ye lagbhag 6 m lambi hai, canal ka sabse lamba hissa. Yahan teen ras kaam karte hain: liver ka bile, jo halka basic hai, acid ko neutralise karta hai aur fats ko chhoti boondon mein todta hai; pancreatic juice, jo bhi basic hai aur carbohydrates, proteins aur fats pe kaam karta hai; aur intestine ki deewaar ka ras, jo paachan poora karta hai. Andar ki parat ke hazaaron ungli jaise ubhaar absorption ke liye bahut bada surface dete hain, yaani nutrients ka blood mein jaana. Celiac disease mein gehun, jau aur rye ka protein gluten is parat ko nuksaan pahunchata hai; jowar, bajra aur ragi jaise millets mein gluten nahi hota aur ye achhe vikalp hain.

Large intestine

Large intestine lagbhag 1.5 m lambi par zyaada chaudi hai. Ye paani aur kuch namak sokhti hai, aur aadha thos stool bachta hai, jo rectum mein rukta hai aur anus se baahar nikalta hai; is prakriya ko egestion kehte hain. Phal, sabziyan aur saabut anaaj jaisa fibre waala khaana ise theek chalaata hai, aur wahan rehne waale madadgaar bacteria fibre todte hain; dahi aur chhaachh jaise fermented khaane unki madad karte hain.

Gaay aur pakshi

Ruminant ke kadam: thoda chabaana, aadha paachan, muh mein waapas, dobara chabaana, dobara nigalna; pakshi ka gizzard grit se khaana peesta hai — Pachaane ke doosre tareeke

Gaay aur bhains ghaas thodi chabaakar nigal leti hain. Stomach mein aadha pachne ke baad khaana muh mein waapas aata hai aur aage jaane se pehle dheere-dheere dobara chabaaya jaata hai; ise rumination kehte hain. Gaay din mein lagbhag 8 ghante chabaati rehti hai. Pakshiyon ke daant nahi hote; unke gizzard ki deewaarein khaana peesti hain, aksar nigle hue grit ke saath.

Ye kyun zaroori hai

Paachan kaise kaam karta hai, ye jaanne se achhi aadatein samajh aati hain: achhi tarah chabaana, fibre khaana, brush karna aur jeebh saaf karna, aur samay pe khaana bina zyaada khaaye. Aage padho jaanwar saans kaise lete hain. Textbook ke sawaalon ke jawab Chapter 9 ke NCERT solutions mein hain; poore Chapter 9 ke notes dekho.