Daam kaise tay hote hain?

Kharidaar, bechne waale aur daam

Har market mein kharidaar aur bechne waale hote hain, aur sauda tabhi hota hai jab dono ek daam par raazi hon: wo rakam jis par kharidaar kharidne aur bechne waale bechne ko taiyaar hon. Aksar ve mol bhaav karke aisa daam dhoondhte hain jo dono ko manzoor ho, jaise class ke skit mein amrood ke kharidaar aur bechne waale kar sakte hain. Mall, supermarket, dawai ki dukaan aur online store jaise kuch market mein daam chhape hue ya tay hote hain, isliye wahan mol bhaav kam hota hai.

Amrood ka udaaharan

Socho ek bechne waala amrood ₹80 kilo mein bechna chahta hai. Jise ye daam zyaada lage, wo kharidaar kam daam bolta hai; bechne waala aisa daam mana kar sakta hai jisme munaafa na ho; aur dono tab tak mol bhaav karte hain jab tak beech ka daam na mil jaaye, warna sauda nahi hota. Book teen sthitiyan dikhaati hai. ₹80 par zyaadatar kharidaar chale jaate hain aur amrood bach jaate hain. ₹20 par bheed toot padti hai, thela jaldi khaali ho jaata hai aur bechne waale ko ghaata hota hai. Samay ke saath daam lagbhag ₹40 par tik jaata hai, jo na kharidaar ke liye zyaada hai na bechne waale ke liye kam. In sthitiyon se bechne waala seekhta hai ki kharidaaron ko lagbhag kitne amrood chahiye, aur agli baar utne hi laata hai.

Demand aur supply

Jab bahut saare kharidaar aur bechne waale hon, to do takatein daam tay karti hain. Demand ye hai ki kisi daam par kisi samay kharidaar kitna kharidne ko taiyaar aur samarth hain; supply ye ki bechne waale kitna bechne ko taiyaar aur samarth hain. Di gayi maatra aur chahi gayi maatra milkar aisa daam banaati hain jo bechne waalon ke liye kaafi ooncha aur kharidaaron ke liye kaafi neecha ho. Isiliye der raat sabziyan sasti ho jaati hain, jab bechne waale kharab hone waala maal khatam karna chahte hain, aur sardi ke aakhir mein ooni kapdon par chhoot milti hai, jab unhe kam log chahte hain. Kuch mausam mein pyaaz ki supply ghatne par uska daam badhta hai; agar bechne waale maal rok lein, to sarkaar ko kadam uthaana pad sakta hai, jaisa market mein sarkaar ki bhoomika mein bataaya gaya hai.

Jab taiyaar market na ho

Kuch cheezon ke kharidaar aur bechne waale kam hote hain. Aakriti ek professional kalaakaar hain jo canvas par oil paintings banaati hain; log unke kaam ki taareef karte hain, par unhe kharidaar dhoondhne aur daam tay karne mein mushkil hoti hai. Amrood ke ulat, kala ke local kharidaar aur bechne waale kam hain, isliye uska daam aankna mushkil hai. Aaj kalaakaar online store, social media, pradarshaniyon aur art fair se, aur seedhe order lekar, kharidaaron tak pahunch sakte hain.

Kharid bikri se zyaada

Market sanket bhi dete hain. Jab bahut upbhokta kam bijli khaane waale fridge maangte hain, to retailers aur wholesalers unke zyaada order dete hain, aur producers bijli bachaane waale model banaane lagte hain, jisse samaaj ka bhi bhala hota hai. Market bharosa bhi banaate hain: parivaar dashakon tak ek hi darzi, sunaar ya doctor ke paas jaate hain, aur kai parivaar mahine ke aakhir mein kiraana dukaan ka hisaab chukaate hain. Imphal ka Ima Keithal, yaani Maaon ka Bazaar, jahan lagbhag 3,000 mahilaayein har dukaan ki maalik hain aur use chalaati hain, hazaaron parivaaron ko aamdani deta hai aur alag samudaayon ke logon ko jodta hai. Dakshin Bharat mein haldi kumkum bechne waale shubhkaamna ke roop mein dono ka thoda sa hissa bina paise ke dete hain.

Ye kyun zaroori hai

Daam kaise bante hain, ye samajhne se hum samajhdaari se kharidaari kar paate hain, nishpaksh mol bhaav karte hain aur samajhte hain ki mausam ke saath daam kyun badalte hain. Market ke prakaar market ke prakaar mein hain, aur sarkaar ka hissa market mein sarkaar ki bhoomika mein. Har sawaal ke jawaab Chapter 12 ke NCERT solutions mein hain; poore Chapter 12 ke notes bhi dekho.