Weather ke instruments aur weather stations

Ishaaron se instruments tak

Roz ki zindagi bhi temperature ke baare mein batati hai: garmi mein barf jaldi pighalti hai, sardi mein naariyal tel jam jaata hai aur thande din dahi der se jamta hai. Pichhli kuch sadiyon mein vaigyanikon ne aise instruments banaaye jo weather ke har element ko theek-theek naapte hain, taaki weather pe nazar rakhi ja sake aur uska andaaza lagaaya ja sake.

Thermometer

Class 6 Science mein tumne clinical aur laboratory thermometer aur do scales dekhe the, Celsius aur Fahrenheit: 15°C, 59°F ke barabar hai. Weather thermometer kai tarah ke hote hain. Kuch ambient, yaani aas-paas ka, temperature batate hain, aur kuch din ka maximum aur minimum record karte hain. Kai mein rangeen dravya hota hai jo garmi se phailta hai, par digital thermometer ab zyaada pasand kiye jaate hain kyunki wo zyaada sateek hain aur zyaada data rakhte hain. Record kiye temperature se kaam ke statistics nikalte hain:

• Range = maximum − minimum, aam taur pe 24 ghante ka.
• Mean daily temperature = (maximum + minimum) ÷ 2.

Madhya Pradesh ke ek shehar mein ek hafte ka sabse ooncha maximum 32°C aur sabse neecha minimum 14°C tha, yaani hafte ki range 18°C.

Rain gauge

Rain gauge precipitation naapta hai. Baarish ek collecting funnel mein girti hai aur scale lagi measuring tube mein jama hoti hai. Paani ki gehraai hi baarish hai: 5 mm gehra paani matlab 5 mm baarish. Ise khule mein, samtal aur mazboot jagah pe, baarish rokne waali cheezon se door rakho, aur roz ek hi samay pe padho; barf ho to naapne se pehle pighlaa lo. Extra: ghar pe banao to seedhe kinaare waali aisi botal ya jar lo jiska munh uske pet jitna chauda ho, taaki padhi gayi gehraai asli baarish ho.

Barometer

Barometer atmospheric pressure naapta hai, aam taur pe millibar (mb) mein. Tat pe saamaanya pressure lagbhag 1013 mb hai. Lagbhag 1000 mb se kam reading depression ka sanket hai, jo toofaan ya cyclone ban sakta hai, isliye pilot, naavik, machhuaare aur weather forecasters barometer pe dhyaan rakhte hain.

Wind vane, windsock aur anemometer

Wind vane mein ek ghoomne waali bhuja hoti hai, ek sire pe pointer aur doosre pe poonchh. Hawa poonchh ko dhakelti hai, isliye pointer ghoomkar hawa ki taraf mud jaata hai; halki hawa se bhi ye hilta hai. Hawai patti pe windsock hawa se ulti taraf lehraata hai aur pilots ko udaan bharte aur utarte waqt hawa ki disha dikhata hai; raakh ya gas chhodne waale udyog bhi aise socks lagaate hain. Anemometer mein ek khadi shaft pe teen ya chaar cups hote hain. Hawa jitni tez, cups utne tez ghoomte hain, aur ek meter ghoomne ko speed mein, km/h mein, badal deta hai. Extra: cups speed naapte hain; saath laga vane disha batata hai.

Hygrometer

Hygrometer humidity ko relative humidity ke roop mein naapta hai. Bilkul bhaap rahit hawa, jo prakriti mein hoti hi nahi, 0 percent hogi, aur bhaap se saturated hawa 100 percent. Sookha mausam aam taur pe 20–40 percent aur nam mausam 60–80 percent hota hai. Hygrometer alag-alag siddhaanton pe chalte hain, aur forecast ke alaawa bhi kaam aate hain: food factories humidity control karti hain, aur museum apni cheezon ko bachaane ke liye hawa sookhi rakhte hain.

Weather stations

Weather station in saare instruments ko ek saath rakhta hai, aur tay samay pe li gayi readings weather ki mapping aur forecasting mein madad karti hain. Automated Weather Station (AWS) sensors se temperature, humidity, hawa, baarish aur pressure bina kisi ke padhe record karta hai, aur kheti, hawai yaatra, naukaayan aur paryaavaran ki nigraani mein use hota hai.

Ye kyun zaroori hai

Instruments “thand lag rahi hai” ko aisi sankhyaon mein badal dete hain jinki koi bhi tulna kar sake aur forecasters jinka use kar sakein. Elements khud weather ke elements mein samjhaaye gaye hain, aur readings se chetaavni tak ka safar weather forecast kaise hota hai mein. Kitaab ke har sawaal ka jawab Chapter 2 ke NCERT solutions mein hai; poore Chapter 2 ke notes bhi dekho.