NCERT Solutions Class 7 Social Science Chapter 8: How the Land Becomes Sacred (Hinglish)

Ye Exploring Society: India and Beyond, yaani Class 7 Social Science ki kitaab Part 1 (Reprint 2026-27), ke Chapter 8, How the Land Becomes Sacred, ke har sawaal ke jawaab hain: Big Questions, chhahon Let’s Explore activities, Think About It ke sawaal, Kumbh Mela ka sawaal, sacred groves ke naam aur aathon Questions and activities. Page numbers kitaab ke hisaab se hain (pages 167–184). Chhote notes: Chapter 8 ke notes.

The Big Questions (page 167)

1. ‘Pavitrata’ kya hai? Is chapter mein koi cheez pavitra hai jab uska gehra dhaarmik ya aadhyaatmik arth ho aur wo aadar aur shraddha ke laayak ho. Ye koi sthal ya mandir ho sakta hai, teerthyatra jaisi khaas yaatra aur uska raasta, ya wo poori zameen bhi jise aisi yaatraayein paar karti hain.

2. Zameen pavitra kaise banti hai? Pavitra sthal poore Bharat mein phaile hain aur jaalon mein jude hain: chaar konon par char dham, 12 jyotirling, 51 Shakti peeth aur kai kshetriya raaste. Inke beech aate jaate teerthyatri desh ko har disha mein paar karte hain, isliye poora bhugol pavitra maana jaane lagta hai. Kai paramparaayein pahaadon, nadiyon, jungalon aur Dharti maa, Bhudevi, ko bhi poojti hain.

3. Pavitra sthal aur teerthyatra ke jaal logon ke jeevan se kaise jude hain? Ye tyohaaron, anushthaanon aur yaatraaon ko aakaar dete hain, aur logon ko ek bade desh se judne ka ehsaas dete hain. Ye rozi roti chalaate hain, kyunki teerthyatriyon ko khaana, rehna, aana jaana, phool aur chadhaava chahiye, aur teerthyatra ke raaste vyapaar ke raaston se milte the. Jo samudaay pavitra nadiyon, groves aur pahaadiyon ko poojte hain, ve unki raksha bhi karte hain.

4. Pavitra bhugol ne sanskritik ekta mein kya bhoomika nibhaayi? Pavitra sthalon ke beech chalte teerthyatri, vyapaari, vidwaan aur vidyaarthi kai bhaashaaon, reeti rivaazon aur khaanon se mile par saajhi baatein bhi dekhi. Ek hi raaston par vichaar, kahaaniyan aur saaman chale, isliye upmahadweep mein ek saajhi sanskriti bani, jise Nehru ne ‘ek desh aur ek sanskriti ki bhaavna’ kaha.

Let’s Explore (page 168)

Jaani pehchaani tasveerein aur aas paas ki jagahein. Tasveeron mein aisi jagahein hain jo hum mein se kai jaante hain: pedon ke beech mandir, nadi par tairte diye, ek stupa, mandir ka taalaab, khade pathar aur saja hua pavitra sthan. Zyaadatar gharon ke paas kuch aisa hota hai: mandir ya gurdwara, masjid ya church, dhaagon aur chadhaavon waala peepal ya bargad, gaon ka taalaab, pahaadi par chhota sthal ya ek ankaata jungle. Jo jagahein tum jaante ho unke naam likho aur batao ki wahan kaun jaata hai.

Let’s Explore (page 171)

Dharampal ke teerthyatri. Baatein jo dikhti hain: aam gaon waale, auratein aur aadmi saath mein, teen mahine mein lagbhag poora desh ghoom aaye the; apna khaana saath le chale the; train ka istemaal kiya par pakki yojana ke saath; aur unka lakshya pavitra sthal the, bade shehar nahi. Raasta: Rameswaram se ve train se Tamil Nadu aur madhya Bharat se hote hue, Gwalior ke raaste Delhi aaye honge, aur phir Uttarakhand ke Haridwar. Seedhe Haridwar kyun? Haridwar unki soochi ka teerth tha, jabki Delhi sirf train badalne ki jagah thi; samay kam tha aur ghar lautna tha, isliye ve seedhe apne pavitra lakshya ki taraf gaye.

Praacheen samay mein Madurai se Varanasi. Yaatriyon ko pehle Tamil, phir doosri dakshini bhaashaayein, phir Marathi aur uttar ki kai boliyan sunne ko milti. Ve Sanskrit, jo shiksha aur anushthaan ki saajhi bhaasha thi, kai bhaashaayein jaanne waale vyapaariyon aur sthaaniya guide, aur ishaaron se baat kar sakte the. Ve mandiron, mathon aur teerthyatriyon ke vishraam grihon mein, ya raaste ke gaon mein rukte, aur sthaaniya khaana aur prasad khaate: dakshin mein chaawal ke vyanjan, uttar mein zyaada gehun aur baajra, saath laaye khaane ke saath.

Let’s Explore (page 173)

Char dham. Badrinath uttar mein, Rameswaram dakshin mein, Puri poorv mein aur Dwarka pashchim mein hai. Inke liye uttar se dakshin aur poorv se pashchim chalne ka matlab tha poora desh paar karna, uski kai bhaashaaon, khaanon aur reeti rivaazon se milna, aur ye mehsoos karna ki ye vishaal, rang birangi zameen ek pavitra poora hai.

Let’s Explore (page 174)

Naqshe par teerth (Fig. 8.6). Naqsha bina naamon ke jaal dikhata hai; political map ki madad se hum pehchaan sakte hain char dham (Badrinath, Dwarka, Puri, Rameswaram), Kumbh Mela ke sthal (Haridwar, Prayagraj, Nashik, Ujjain), Kedarnath, Somnath, Kashi Vishwanath (Varanasi) aur Mahakaleshwar (Ujjain) jaise jyotirling, Amritsar, Anandpur Sahib, Patna Sahib aur Nanded jaise Sikh sthal, Bodh Gaya aur Sarnath jaise Buddhist sthal, aur Girnar aur Mount Abu jaise Jain sthal.

Don’t Miss Out (page 176): 2025 ka Kumbh Mela

Kitaab Bharat ki aabaadi nahi deti; 2025 mein ise lagbhag 1,450 million (145 crore) maanein to 660 ÷ 1,450 ≈ 0.46. Yaani hissa lene waale Bharat ki aabaadi ke lagbhag 46 pratishat, kareeb aadhe ke baraabar the (kuch logon ko ek se zyaada baar gina gaya ho sakta hai).

Think About It (page 177)

Pavitra sthal aur aarthik jeevan. Beech mein pavitra sthal waale mind map ki shaakhaayein hongi: phool, diye aur chadhaava; khaane ke stall aur mithaai; nadi par naavein; lodge aur dharamshala; guide aur pujaari; bus, taxi aur train jaise saadhan; shilp aur yaadgaar cheezein; aur mele aur bazaar. Ghaaton aur naavon waale bheed bhare nadi kinaare ke shehar ki tasveer yahi ishaare deti hai.

Think About It (page 179)

Kaam ka peepal. Iske patte kuch chamdi ke rogon mein aur chhaal pet ke rogon mein kaam aati hai, aur lagbhag saal bhar hara rehne se ye kai pakshiyon aur jaanwaron ko khaana aur sharan deta hai. Ise pavitra maanne se logon aur jaanwaron ke liye sach mein keemti ped ki raksha bhi hui hai.

Sacred groves ke naam (page 180)

Table mein kavu, kovilkadu, devare kadu, devarai, khlaw kyntang, dev van, sarna, devgudi aur oran hain. Aur naam: Manipur mein umanglai, Odisha mein jahera, Goa mein devrai aur West Bengal mein garamthan.

Let’s Explore (page 181)

Teerthon ke naqshe par vyapaar ke raaste. ‘The Rise of Empires’ ke vyapaar raaston ko teerthon ke naqshe par rakhne se dikhta hai ki kai pavitra sthal vyapaar ke raaston par ya unke paas hain: Uttarapatha ke paas Prayag aur Varanasi, Dakshinapatha par Ujjain, aur dono par bandargaah aur nadi kinaare ke shehar. Teerthyatra aur vyapaar ke raaste kaafi had tak ek hi the.

Think About It (page 182)

Pavitra nadiyan pradooshit kyun hain? Yamuna, Mahanadi aur Kaveri ke kinaare ke shehar aur udyog unme sewage aur factory ka kachra daalte hain; plastic, koodaa aur kuch chadhaave pheke jaate hain; aur bahut zyaada paani nikaala jaata hai, isliye nadiyan khud ko saaf nahi kar paati. Kai shehron mein mandir ke taalaabon, pokharon aur groves ka bhi yahi haal hai. Zimmedaari kiski? Sabki: naagrik koodaa na phenkein aur aise chadhaave chunein jo paani ko nuksaan na pahunchaayein; samudaay safaai abhiyaan chalaayein aur ghaaton aur groves ki dekhbhaal karein; aur sarkaarein sewage saaf karein aur kanoon laagu karein. Samvidhaan ke Mool Kartavya har naagrik se paryavaran ki raksha aur virasat ka aadar karne ko kehte hain.

Questions and activities (pages 183–184)

1. David Suzuki ka kathan. Iska matlab hai ki hum prakriti ko jaise dekhte hain, waise hi uske saath bartaav karte hain. Agar pahaad ko devta, nadi ko zameen ki nas, jungle ko pavitra, doosri prajaatiyon ko rishtedaar aur Dharti ko maa maanein, to hum unka, aur ek doosre ka, aadar karenge; agar unhe sirf khanij, paani, lakdi aur saadhan maanein, to unka shoshan karenge. Hamare kaamon ke liye iska matlab hai hawa, paani, zameen aur pedon ka dhyaan se istemaal, nadiyon ko ganda na karna, bina zaroorat ped na kaatna, pahaadon aur jungalon ko andhaadhundh khanan se bachaana, aur prakriti ki den ko barabari se baantna.

2. Tumhare ilaake ke pavitra sthal (namoona, lagbhag 150 shabd). Haridwar, Uttarakhand ke ek vidyaarthi ke liye. Haridwar wo jagah hai jahan Ganga Himalaya chhodkar maidaanon mein aati hai, aur sadiyon se teerthyatri yahan Har ki Pauri par snaan karne aate hain. Samudra manthan ki kahaani mein amrit ki ek boond yahan giri thi, isliye Haridwar un chaar jagahon mein se hai jahan Kumbh Mela hota hai. Har shaam ghaaton par Ganga aarti ke liye bheed jutti hai, jab diye nadi mein tairte hain. Paas ki pahaadiyon par Chandi Devi aur Mansa Devi ke mandir hain, jahan lambi seedhiyon ya ropeway se pahunchte hain. Mere dada dadi bataate hain ki parivaar kabhi hafton paidal chalkar yahan aate the. Shehar teerthyatriyon se chalta hai: pujaari, naav waale, phool bechne waale aur lodge maalik sab unpar nirbhar hain. Nadi ko saaf rakhna ab shehar ki sabse badi chunauti hai. Apna nibandh buzurgon aur teacher se baat karke likho.

3. Nadiyan, pahaad aur jungle pavitra kyun hain, aur ye hamari kaise madad karte hain? Kai Bharatiya paramparaayein poori prakriti mein divya dekhti hain, aur nadiyan, pahaad aur jungle prakriti ke sabse shaktishaali hisse hain. Nadiyan peene, kheti aur aane jaane ke liye paani deti hain aur sabhyata ki jeevan rekhaayein rahi hain; pahaad nadiyon ko paani dete, mausam ko aakaar dete aur swarg ke darwaaze jaise lagte hain; jungle khaana, eendhan, dawa aur jaanwaron ko sharan dete hain, aur mitti aur paani ko thaame rakhte hain. Inki pooja ne logon ko inki raksha karne mein madad ki.

4. Log teerth kyun jaate hain? Pooja aur aashirvaad ke liye; mannat poori karne ya kisi khaas mauke ke liye; anushaasan aur aadhyaatmik vikaas ki andar ki yaatra ke liye; aur desh dekhne, logon se milne aur Kumbh Mela jaise utsavon mein shaamil hone ke liye. Pehle kai log raaste mein seekhne, bahas karne ya vyapaar ke liye bhi jaate the.

5. Teerthyatra ke raaste aur vyapaar. Teerthyatriyon ko khaana, saaman aur sevaayein chahiye thi, jo raaste ke vyapaari dete the, isliye teerthyatra aur vyapaar ke raaste mil gaye, jaise Uttarapatha aur Dakshinapatha par, aur kuch vyapaari khud teerthyatri bhi the. Kya pavitra sthal ilaake ki arthvyavastha badhaate hain? Haan: ye aane jaane, rehne, khaane, chadhaave, shilp aur guide ke kaam mein rozgaar dete hain, aur mele vyapaar laate hain. Par badi bheed paani, kachre aur paryavaran par dabaav bhi daalti hai, isliye vikaas dhyaan se hona chahiye.

6. Pavitra sthal paas rehne waalon ki sanskriti ko kaise prabhaavit karte hain? Unke aas paas sthaaniya tyohaar, mele aur shobhaayaatraayein badhti hain; khaas khaana aur prasad, sangeet, nritya aur shilp viksit hote hain; kai parivaar teerthyatriyon se rozi kamaate hain; paas ki pahaadiyon, pedon aur nadiyon se kahaaniyan judti hain; aur sacred groves ki tarah aise niyam bante hain jo sthaaniya paryavaran ki raksha karte hain.

7. Do pavitra sthalon par project (udaaharan). Bodh Gaya (Bihar): jahan Buddhist parampara ke anusaar Buddha ko bodhi ped ke neeche gyaan mila; Mahabodhi mandir; kai deshon se har saal 40 lakh se zyaada log. Prayagraj (Uttar Pradesh): Ganga, Yamuna aur adrishya Sarasvati ka sangam; Kumbh Mela ka sthal, jise UNESCO amoort virasat maanta hai. Har ek ke liye jagah, kahaani, juda dharm ya samudaay, tyohaar aur yaatri, sthaaniya arthvyavastha aur paryavaran par asar, aur raksha ke tareeke likho; naqsha, tasveerein aur timeline jodo.

8. Teerthyatra ka do tarah ka mahatva. Ye bahar ki yaatra bhi hai aur andar ki bhi. Bahar se ye teerthyatri ko zameen paar karaati hai, naye ilaakon, bhaashaaon aur khaanon se milaati hai, aur vyapaar aur poore Bharat ki sanskritik ekta mein madad karti hai. Andar se ye aacharan ke niyamon waali aadhyaatmik yaatra hai, jisme raaste ki mehnat aur kathinaai saadhaaran jeevan se ooche jeevan mein paar jaane ka pratik hai.

Chhote notes aur zyaada practice topic pages par hain: India ka pavitra bhugol, sacred groves kya hain aur teerthyatra aur vyapaar.