Sacred groves kya hain?

Prakriti ek pavitra jagah

Hindu parampara aur kai lok aur jan jaati aasthaayein poori prakriti mein divya ko dekhti hain. Kuch khaas pahaadon, nadiyon aur jungalon ki pooja hoti hai, kai nadiyan deviyan maani jaati hain, aur kuch ped, paudhe aur jaanwar khaas taur par pavitra hain; ant mein poori Dharti Bhudevi, yaani Dharti maa, hai. Dongria Khond ke liye Odisha ki Niyamgiri Range ki Niyam Dongar pahaadi Niyam Raja ka ghar hai, jo unki har zaroorat poori karte hain, aur wahan ped kaatna mana hai. 2000s ki shuruaat mein Sikkim ne apni pavitra gufaaon, jheelon, garam jharnon, chattaanon aur chotiyon ki raksha ki soochi banaayi, aur Nilgiris ke Toda chotiyon, paudhon, Shola jungalon, daldalon aur akele pattharon tak ko pavitra maante hain. Zyaadatar teerth nadiyon ya jheelon ke kinaare, jungalon mein ya pahaadon par hain, isliye poora nazaara ek pavitra jagah, punyakshetra, hai, aur is soch ne prakriti ko bachaaya.

Nadiyan aur sangam

Bharat mein log Vedic kaal se nadiyon ki pooja karte aaye hain. Rigveda ka nadistuti sukta praacheen uttar-pashchim Bharat ki 19 badi nadiyon ki stuti karta hai, aur aaj bhi paani se jude kai anushthaan Ganga, Yamuna, Godavari, Sarasvati, Narmada, Sindhu aur Kaveri ko us paani mein maujood hone ke liye bulaate hain. Ye nadiyan Bharatiya sabhyata ki jeevan rekhaayein rahi hain, isliye jahan se ye nikalti hain, jo dhaaraayein inme milti hain aur inke kinaare ke shehar, sab teerthyatriyon ko kheenchte hain, aur log inhe ‘Ganga ji’ ya ‘Yamuna ji’ keh kar aadar dete hain. Sangam khaas pavitra hain: Prayag wahan hai jahan Ganga, Yamuna aur adrishya Sarasvati milti hain.

Kumbh Mela

Samudra manthan ki kahaani mein devon aur asuron ne ek baar milkar amar karne waala amrit nikaala. Vishnu ne Mohini ban kar ghada, yaani kumbh, le liya, aur kuch boondein Haridwar, Prayagraj, Nashik aur Ujjain mein giri. Kumbh Mela inhi jagahon par hota hai, jahan sahi samay par snaan bahut shubh maana jaata hai. UNESCO ise amoort sanskritik virasat maanta hai, aur 2025 mein lagbhag 66 crore logon ne isme hissa liya.

Pahaad aur peepal

Duniya bhar mein pahaadon se devtaaon aur naayakon ki kahaaniyan judi hain, aur unki oonchaai unhe swarg ka darwaaza jaisa banaati hai. Isiliye Bharat ke kai teerth, Mount Kailash se Vaishno Devi, Tirumala ki pahaadiyon aur Tiruvannamalai tak, kathin raaston waali oonchaaiyon par hain. Pedon ka bhi aadar hota hai, aksar haldi aur kumkum chadhaakar. Peepal, yaani Ficus religiosa, Hindu, Buddhist, Sikh aur Jain sabke liye pavitra hai; Bodh Gaya ka ped us ped ka vanshaj maana jaata hai jiske neeche Buddha ko gyaan mila, aur Mohenjo-daro ki ek muhar par peepal ke patte hain.

Sacred groves

Samay ke saath kai gaon aur jan jaati samudaayon ne kuch prakritik jungalon ko shikaar, ped kaatne aur khanan se bachaane ka faisla kiya, unhe devtaaon ka ghar maankar, jaise Meghalaya mein Ryngkew ya Basa. Ye sacred groves bahut saare paudhon aur jaanwaron ko sharan dete hain, aur kai mein chhote taalaab hain jo paani bachaate hain. Inke kai naam hain: Malayalam mein kavu, Tamil mein kovilkadu, Kannada mein devare kadu, Marathi mein devarai, Khasi mein khlaw kyntang, Himachal Pradesh mein dev van, Jharkhand mein sarna, Chhattisgarh mein devgudi aur Rajasthan mein oran. Thanjavur zile ki ek sthaaniya kathaa kehti hai ki grove ke devta phal khaane waale chamgaadadon ki raksha karte hain, jinhe dekhna shubh hai, aur ye chamgaadad phoolon ka paragan aur beej phailaane ka kaam karte hain. Bharat mein kabhi hazaaron groves the, par kheti aur udyog ke liye kabze se ye sikud rahe hain.

Bharat ke bahar, aur aaj

Praacheen Greece mein pavitra pahaad aur groves the, Native Americans prakriti ko pavitra maante the, aur New Zealand ke Maori Mount Taranaki ko apna poorvaj maante hain; ek naye kanoon ne use ek vyakti ke adhikaar aur zimmedaariyaan di hain. Par Bharat mein kai pavitra nadiyan pradooshit hain aur pavitra sthal bigad rahe hain. Jab koi nadi lagbhag sookh jaati hai ya pavitra pahaad par khatra aata hai, log apne paryavaran aur moolyon ke liye aawaaz uthaate hain, aur prakriti ko pavitra maanne waala nazariya sustainability ki chinta mein bahut kuch de sakta hai.

Ye kyun zaroori hai

Nadiyon, pahaadon aur jungalon ko pavitra maanne se Bharatiyon ne sadiyon tak unki raksha ki, aur ye soch aaj bhi sanrakshan ka raasta dikha sakti hai. Is nazaare ko kaatne waale teerthon ke jaal India ka pavitra bhugol mein hain, aur khud yaatraayein teerthyatra aur vyapaar mein. Har sawaal ke jawaab Chapter 8 ke NCERT solutions mein hain; poore Chapter 8 ke notes bhi dekho.