Kaun se samudaay atyachaar se bachne ke liye India aaye?

Is chapter mein: Jews, jo kai lehron mein aaye; West Asia se Syriac Christians; 7th sadi mein Persia ki haar ke baad wahan se Parsis; aur 19th sadi ke aakhir mein Iran se Baha’is. 20th sadi mein doosre vishwa yuddh ke Polish anaath bachchon aur Tibetans ko bhi India mein panaah mili.

Africa mool ka ek samudaay. Africa mein gulaam banaaye gaye, unhe 7th se 19th sadi ke beech Arab, Portuguese aur British vyapaari India laaye. Aaj wo zyaadatar Gujarat aur Karnataka mein rehte hain aur scheduled tribe hain. Gujarat ki Siddi mahila Hirabai Lobi ko 2023 mein Padma Shri mila.

Parsis, doodh aur shakkar ki kahaani kya hai?

Jab Parsis Gujarat ke Sanjan pahunche, Raja Jadi Rana ne doodh se bhara jug dikhaaya, yaani unka rajya bhara hua hai. Ek Parsi gyaani ne usme bina chhalkaaye ek chammach shakkar ghol di, yaani wo ghul mil jaayenge aur zameen ko meetha karenge. Khush hokar Raja ne unhe basne diya.

Jinhone India ko ghar banaaya

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Kai safar, ek ghar

India ki vividhta sirf un logon se nahi bani jo hamesha se yahan the. Do hazaar saalon mein doosre deshon se bhi samudaay aaye, kuch khatre se bhaagkar, kuch vyapaar ki talaash mein, aur ek, Siddis, apni marzi ke khilaaf laaye gaye. Chapter kuch samudaayon ko udaaharan ke roop mein chunta hai. Inme ek baat saman hai: ye yahan base, apna dharm rakha aur Indian jeevan ka hissa ban gaye.

Kaun, kahan se aur kab aaya

India ke Jews

Jews kai lehron mein aaye, alag alag deshon ke atyachaar se bachkar, aur India mein unhe bina darr ke apna dharm maanne ki jagah mili. Kuch vidwaanon ke anusaar Bene Israel lagbhag 175 BCE mein puraane Israel rajya se nikle aur aaj ke Mumbai ke dakshin mein Konkan tat ke paas unka jahaaz toot gaya. Bache hue logon ki pavitra kitaabein kho gayi, par ek Ishwar waali unki prarthana yaad rahi. India ki aazaadi ke samay tak unki sankhya 25,000 se zyaada thi, desh ka sabse bada Jewish samudaay. Doosre samooh 12th se 19th sadi ke beech aakar Kochi ke paas base, jahan Raja ne unhe tab tak ke liye zameen di jab tak duniya, suraj aur chaand rahein. Wahan unhone synagogue banaaya. Ek takhti batati hai ki 1805 mein Travancore ke Maharaja ne uski Torah ke liye sone ka mukut bhent kiya.

Syriac Christians

4th sadi CE se kuch Christian samoohon ko, jo puraani Syriac bhasha mein ibaadat karte the, West Asia mein mushkil hui. Roman samrajya kabhi kabhi unhe heretic kehta tha, kyunki Christ ke baare mein unke kuch vishwaas sarkaari Church se alag the, aur Persian samrajya un pe Rome ki madad ka shak karta tha. Kuch log vyapaar ke raaston se poorab ki taraf aaj ke Kerala ke Malabar tat pe pahunche, jahan wo apni marzi se ibaadat kar sakte the. India mein unhe Syrian Christians bhi kehte hain.

Parsis

Parsis Zoroastrianism maante hain, jo Persia ke Sassanid samrajya ka rajya dharm tha. Book ke anusaar 7th sadi ke beech Arab senaaon ke Persia jeetne ke baad Zoroastrians ko zabardasti dharm badalne, jizya naam ke dharmik kar, apne agni mandiron ke tootne aur adhikaar chhinne ka saamna karna pada. Unke samooh Arabian Sea paar karke 8th se 10th sadi ke beech apni pavitra aag ke saath Gujarat ke tat pe pahunche.

Doodh aur shakkar ki kahaani

Ek kahaani ke anusaar Sanjan mein Raja Jadi Rana ne unhe labaalab doodh ka jug dikhaaya: unka rajya bhara hua tha. Ek Parsi gyaani ne usme ek chammach shakkar bina ek boond chhalkaaye ghol di, aur Raja ne unhe ghar de diya. Unki pavitra aag aaj bhi paas ke Udvada mein jalti hai, aur India mein duniya ke kisi bhi desh se zyaada Zoroastrians rehte hain. Unka dharm Vedic soch ka puraana rishtedaar bhi hai: dono cosmic order aur agni pooja ko maante hain, aur soma aur haoma, ya yajna aur yasna jaise shabdon ki jad ek hai.

Arab vyapaari aur Siddis

7th sadi se Arab vyapaari Kerala, Gujarat aur Karnataka ke pashchimi tat pe base. Unhone masaalon aur doosre saamaan ka vyapaar kiya, sthaaniya auraton se shaadi ki aur naye samudaay banaaye; Kerala mein wo Mappila Muslim samudaay mein mil gaye aur Cheraman Juma Masjid banaane mein madad ki, jise India ki sabse puraani masjid maana jaata hai. Wo shaanti se vyapaar karne aaye the, jeetne nahi. Siddis alag tarah se aaye: Africa mein gulaam banaaye gaye, unhe Arab, Portuguese aur British vyapaari gulaam ki tarah laaye. Kuch baad mein rajaon ki senaaon mein aage badhe, aur aaj unka naach aur dhol, sthaaniya bhashayein aur dharm Africa aur India ko jodte hain.

Armenians aur Baha’is

Armenian vyapaari Indian masaalon aur baareek malmal ka vyapaar karte the, aur 8th sadi mein hi Malabar tat pe unki basti ke kuch saboot milte hain. 16th sadi mein Akbar ne unhe Agra mein church banaane diya, aur Armenians ne Mughal darbaar aur sena mein kaam kiya. Baad mein wo Surat, Kolkata aur Chennai mein base, jahan Armenian Street aaj bhi unka naam leti hai. Iran mein heretic kahe jaane ke baad Baha’is 19th sadi ke aakhir mein aane lage; aaj India ke zyaadatar Baha’is wo Indians hain jinhone ye dharm apnaaya.

Ye kyun zaroori hai

Ye kahaaniyan dikhati hain ki har basne waale samudaay ke saath India ke dharmon aur reetiyon ka mel aur samriddh hua. 20th sadi ki panaah ke baare mein Polish bachche aur Tibetan refugees mein padho, aur swaagat ke peechhe ke moolya vasudhaiva kutumbakam ka matlab mein. Textbook ke sawaalon ke jawab Part 2 Chapter 5 ke NCERT solutions mein hain; poore Part 2 Chapter 5 ke notes dekho.