Bank kaise kaam karte hain?

Bachat aur udhaar

Navdeep har mahine apne vetan se ₹3000 bachaata hai. Almaari mein rakhna khatarnaak hai, isliye wo bank mein jama karta hai. Rima baans ki cheezein banaane ka vyapaar chalaati hai aur use dost aur parivaar jitna de sakte hain usse zyaada paisa chahiye, isliye wo bank se loan leti hai aur baad mein lautaayegi. Bank Navdeep ke faltu paise se Rima ko loan deta hai. Bank bachat karne waalon aur udhaar lene waalon ke milne ki jagah hai. Ise istemaal karne ke liye pehle khaata kholna hota hai, tab tum account holder bante ho.

Bank khaaton ke prakaar

Savings khaata niyamit bachat karne waalon ke liye hai. Ye byaaj deta hai, ek chhoti nyuntam jama se khulta hai aur har mahine paisa nikaalne ki seema hoti hai. Current khaata un vyapaariyon ke liye hai jo aksar paisa dete-lete hain; ismein byaaj nahi milta, par len-den ki aam taur pe seema nahi hoti. Fixed deposit tay samay, jaise 3 ya 5 saal, ke liye ek baar ki jama hai, aur aam taur pe savings khaate se zyaada byaaj deta hai.

Byaaj aur compounding

Bank jama paisa surakshit rakhte hain aur use udhaar bhi dete hain, isliye jama karne waalon ko byaaj dete hain, har mahine, har teen mahine ya saal mein ek baar. Maano tumne 6% saalaana pe ₹1000 jama kiye. Ek saal baad tumhaare paas ₹1060 hain. Doosre saal byaaj ₹1060 ka 6% hai, yaani ₹63.60, to tumhaare paas ₹1123.60 ho jaate hain. Byaaj pe byaaj kamaane ko compounding kehte hain. 12 saal chhodne pe ₹1000 lagbhag ₹2012.20 ban jaate hain.

Raja, sadhu aur chessboard

Kerala ke Ambalappuzha ka shatranj-premi raja ek aaye hue sadhu se khel haar gaya. Sadhu ne chhota sa inaam maanga: pehle khaane pe chaawal ka ek daana, doosre pe do, teesre pe chaar, har khaane pe dugna. Pehli line 128 daanon pe khatm hui, 16ve khaane pe 32,768 the, aur 32ve pe 210 crore se zyaada. Compounding ki tarah, dugna hote rehne se chhoti raqam bahut badi ho jaati hai.

Loan aur bank ki kamaai

Bank ghar ya gaadi khareedne, padhne, ya vyapaar ko machine aur kachcha maal khareedne aur naye products laane ke liye loan dete hain. Udhaar lene waale byaaj ke saath loan lautaate hain. Bank bachat karne waalon ko udhaar lene waalon se kam byaaj dete hain. Agar Anand 2% pe ₹200 jama kare, to use ₹204 milte hain; agar bank wahi ₹200 Shreya ko 5% pe de, to wo ₹210 lautaati hai, aur bank ₹6 kamaata hai. Bank reserve bhi rakhte hain aur har rupaya udhaar nahi dete.

Hisaab rakhna: passbook

Passbook diary jaisa record hai jismein har jama aur nikaasi darj hoti hai, aur bank mein update hoti hai. Debit matlab khaate se nikla paisa; credit matlab khaate mein aaya paisa. Hisaab se tumhe balance pata rehta hai, galti ya dhokha pakda jaata hai aur kharch ki yojana banti hai.

Sabke liye banking

Kitaab ke mutaabik 2014 se pehle lagbhag 15 crore Indians ke hi bank khaate the, aur zyaadatar log cash pe chalte the. Usi saal shuru hui Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana ne bina nyuntam balance aur bina fees ke khaate diye; 50 crore se zyaada khule, zyaadatar mahilaaon ke. Ab mazdoori aur scholarship seedhe khaaton mein aati hai, jisse bichauliye hat gaye.

RBI aur doosri sansthaayein

Reserve Bank of India banking system ki nigraani karta hai. 1935 mein bana, ye 1949 se central bank, yaani bankon ka bank, hai. Ye bankon ke khaate rakhta hai, bankon aur sarkaar ko udhaar deta hai, currency chhaapta aur jaari karta hai aur benchmark interest rate tay karta hai. Post office National Savings Certificate, Kisan Vikas Patra aur Sukanya Samriddhi jaisi bachat yojanaayein dete hain; NABARD un bankon ko paisa deta hai jo kheti aur gaon ke udyogon ke liye loan dete hain, aur IFCI bijli aur kapda jaise udyogon ko paisa deta hai. Bahut pehle mandir bhi udhaar dete the aur saude taambe ki pattiyon pe likhte the.

Ye kyun zaroori hai

Bank kaise kaam karte hain, ye jaankar tum samajhdaari se bachat kar sakte ho, sambhalkar udhaar le sakte ho aur apni passbook padh sakte ho. Paisa kaise jaata hai ye UPI aur digital payments mein padho, aur bachat kaise hissedaari banti hai ye share market kya hai mein. Textbook ke sawaalon ke jawab Part 2 Chapter 8 ke NCERT solutions mein hain; poore Part 2 Chapter 8 ke notes dekho.