Share market kya hai?
Short mein jawab
Share kisi company mein hissedaari hai. Company paisa jutaane ke liye shares bechti hai, aur log unhe is ummeed mein khareedte hain ki unki keemat badhegi. Shares stock exchange pe khareede-beche jaate hain, jaise 1875 mein bana Bombay Stock Exchange. Keemat company ke nateejon aur naye kaanoon ya yuddh jaisi ghatnaaon se upar-neeche hoti hai.
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Company ka ek tukda
Stock market ko ek badi online kitaabon ki dukaan socho, bas yahan kitaabon ki jagah log shares khareedte-bechte hain. Share kisi company mein hissedaari hai. Agar company ek badi chapati hoti, to har share uska ek tukda hota; jitne zyaada tukde tumhaare, company mein utna bada hissa.
Companiyan shares kyun bechti hain
Maano tumhaara ek chhota restaurant hai aur tum naye vyanjan jodna chahte ho, par paisa kam hai. Dost munaafe ke hisse ke badle paisa de sakte hain aur hissedaar ban jaate hain. Companiyan bade paimaane pe yahi karti hain: shares nikaalkar apne kaam ke liye paisa jutaati hain. Shares khareedne waale apni bachat wahan lagaate hain jahan unhe keemat badhne ki ummeed hai. Shares ke sangrah ko stock kehte hain.
Stock exchange
Shares stock exchange pe khareede-beche jaate hain. India ka Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), 1875 mein bana, duniya ke sabse puraane stock exchanges mein se ek hai. Pehle saude haath se kaagaz ki parchiyon se hote the aur maalik kaagaz ke share certificate rakhte the; aaj computer aur doosre device har sauda sambhaalte hain.
Keemat kyun upar-neeche hoti hai
Saamaan ke daam ki tarah share ke daam bhi upar-neeche hote hain, isliye shares ke len-den se fayda ya nuksaan ho sakta hai. Agar company achha kar rahi hai aur log maante hain ki wo kamaayegi, to zyaada log uske shares chahte hain aur daam badhta hai. Agar mushkil aaye, jaise kharaab product, mazdooron ki hadtaal ya bada ghaata, to kam log shares chahte hain aur daam girta hai. Company ke bahar ke badlaav bhi asar daalte hain: naye kaanoon, tax ke niyam, raajnitik asthirta, yuddh aur bhookamp, baadh ya mahaamaari jaise aarthik jhatke. Jab kai companiyon ke daam ek saath badhte hain to market mein boom aata hai; jab ek saath girte hain to crash hota hai.
Kuch zaroori shabd
Nivesh (investment) matlab paisa kisi aisi cheez mein lagaana jiski keemat samay ke saath badhne ki ummeed ho, jaise shares. Tax wo zaroori bhugtaan hai jo log aur vyapaar apni kamaai aur munaafe pe sarkaar ko dete hain; ye kuch saamaan aur sevaaon ke daam mein bhi juda hota hai, aur iske niyam sarkaar tay karti hai. Aarthik jhatka achaanak, anchaahi ghatna hai, jaise bhookamp, baadh, yuddh, mahaamaari ya daam aur sarkaari niti mein tez badlaav, jo desh ke logon ke kamaane, kharch karne aur bachaane ka tareeka badal deti hai.
Stock market kaise madad karta hai
Bank jama byaaj se dheere-dheere badhti hai, jabki shares ki keemat tez badh bhi sakti hai aur gir bhi sakti hai. Stock market bahut saare logon ki chhoti bachat ikattha karke companiyon ke kaam mein lagaata hai. Companiyon ko bina udhaar ke badhne ka paisa milta hai, aur jokhim kai maalikon mein bant jaata hai. Bachat karne waalon ko company ki safalta mein hissa milne ka mauka milta hai, par unhe yaad rakhna hai ki daam gir bhi sakte hain.
Ye kyun zaroori hai
Shares samajhne se pata chalta hai ki companiyan paisa kaise jutaati hain aur nivesh mein hamesha jokhim kyun hota hai. Iski tulna bank ki bachat se bank kaise kaam karte hain mein karo, aur bhugtaan se UPI aur digital payments mein. Textbook ke sawaalon ke jawab Part 2 Chapter 8 ke NCERT solutions mein hain; poore Part 2 Chapter 8 ke notes dekho.
Practice karo
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Agar company ek badi chapati hai, to share kya hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Uska ek tukda
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Jab kai companiyon ke share daam ek saath girein, to use kya kehte hain?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Crash
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Shares kahan khareede-beche jaate hain?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Stock exchange pe
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Companiyan shares kyun nikaalti hain, aur log unhe kyun khareedte hain?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Companiyan apne kaam ke liye paisa jutaane ko shares nikaalti hain, jaise nayi machine ya naye product, bina loan liye. Log company ka hissa paane aur uski keemat badhne ki ummeed mein shares khareedte hain taaki unki bachat badhe; maalikon ko munaafe ka hissa bhi mil sakta hai.
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Kisi company ke share ki keemat kyun gir sakti hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Company mein samasya, jaise kharaab product, mazdooron ki hadtaal ya bada ghaata, jisse kam log uske shares chahte hain; ya bahar ki ghatnaayein, jaise naye kaanoon, tax ke niyam, raajnitik asthirta, yuddh ya aarthik jhatke.
Students ke sawal
Share kya hota hai?
Share kisi company mein maalikaana hak ki ek ikaai hai. Agar company badi chapati hai, to har share uska ek tukda hai, isliye jitne zyaada shares, company mein utna bada hissa. Shares ke sangrah ko stock kehte hain.
Stock exchange kya hai?
Ye wo bazaar hai jahan shares aur aisi hi securities khareedi-bechi jaati hain. India ka Bombay Stock Exchange, 1875 mein bana, duniya ke sabse puraane stock exchanges mein se ek hai. Pehle saude haath se kaagaz ki parchiyon aur certificates se hote the; aaj computer har sauda sambhaalte hain.
Stock market crash kya hai?
Jab kai companiyon ke share daam ek saath girte hain, to market crash hota hai. Iska ulta, jab kai daam ek saath badhte hain, boom hai. Crash companiyon ki buri khabar ya yuddh, mahaamaari ya achaanak niti badlaav jaise jhatkon ke baad aa sakta hai.
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