Lagnever AI English

Ecosystem kya hai? Jeev aur unka maahaul

Short mein jawab

Ecosystem jeevon ka samudaay, yaani jaivik ghatak, aur unke aas-paas ke nirjeev ajaivik ghatak, jaise hawa, paani, mitti, dhoop aur taapmaan, milkar banaate hain, jo sab aapas mein kriya karte hain. Ek tarah ke jeev population banaate hain, populations milkar samudaay, aur jeevit aur nirjeev hisse lagaataar ek-doosre par asar daalte hain.

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Jab jungle sikudte hain

Odisha, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Assam aur Chhattisgarh mein haathi aksar kheton aur gaon mein aa jaate hain. Jab baarish kam hoti hai ya mausam garam hota hai, to hariyaali sookhti hai; jab sadak aur imaaraton ke liye ped kaate jaate hain, to jungle aur sikudte hain. Bhookhe haathi phir kele aur ganne ke liye kheton par dhaava bolte hain, fasal barbaad karte hain aur kabhi logon ko chot pahunchaate hain. Ye takraav kam karne ke liye vanyajeev visheshagya corridor chinhit karte hain, jungle ki aisi pattiyaan jo aavaason ko jodti hain taaki jaanvar surakshit ek se doosre tak ja sakein.

Haathi gaon mein kyon aate hain, aur corridor kaise madad karte hain
Haathi gaon mein kyon aate hain

Aavaas aur uske hisse

Aavaas wo jagah hai jahaan koi jeev rehta hai: talaab, jungle, khet, ya ek ped ki chhaal bhi. Talaab aur jungle ko dekhne par (Activity 12.1) pata chalta hai ki dono mein jeevit aur nirjeev hisse hain, par alag-alag. Jeevit hisse jaivik ghatak hain aur nirjeev hisse, jaise hawa, dhoop, paani, taapmaan aur mitti, ajaivik ghatak. Talaab machhli ko chhote paudhon aur jaanvaron se bhojan, aur paani se oxygen deta hai.

Do aavaas: talaab aur jungle ke jeevit aur nirjeev hisse
Do aavaas: wahaan kya rehta hai

Ek aavaas mein saath rehne wale jaanvar bhi use alag tarah se istemaal kar sakte hain. Jungle din mein garam aur raat mein thanda ho sakta hai; raat mein shikaar karne wala saanp aur din mein vyast chooha saath rehte hain par alag haalaat jhelte hain. Isi tarah jeev mel-jol se saath rehte hain.

Vyakti se ecosystem tak

Ek talaab mein saath rehne wali ek tarah ki kai machhliyaan population banaati hain. School ke bageeche mein 1 m × 1 m ke hisse mein paudhe ginna (Activity 12.2) dikhaata hai ki population kaise naapi jaati hai. Ek aavaas ki saari populations, paudhe, jaanvar aur sookshmjeev, milkar samudaay banaati hain, jiske sadasya ek-doosre par nirbhar hain. Samudaay apne ajaivik maahaul ke saath ecosystem banata hai.

Vyakti se ecosystem tak: vyakti, population, samudaay aur ecosystem
Vyakti se ecosystem tak

Sirf ek tarah ke jeev wala aavaas theek se nahi chalega: har jeev ko wahi bhojan, paani aur jagah chahiye hogi, jisse kadi pratispardha aur kami hogi, aur doosre jeevon ke bina na food chain banegi na kachre ka recycling hoga.

Kya har jeev mayne rakhta hai?

Shodhkartaaon ne do talaabon ki tulna ki (Activity 12.3). Talaab A mein machhliyaan thi aur aas-paas bahut phool wale paudhe; Talaab B mein machhliyaan nahi thi aur phool kam the. Machhliyaan dragonfly ke larva khaati hain, isliye Talaab A mein dragonflies kam thi. Dragonflies madhumakkhiyaan, makkhiyaan aur titliyaan khaati hain, isliye Talaab A ke paas zyada pollinators bache, aur phoolon mein zyada beej bane. Machhliyaan phoolon ko chhooti tak nahi, phir bhi unki madad karti hain. Zyada machhli pakadna ye kadi tod sakta hai.

Talaab ki machhliyaan aur zameen ke beej: machhli se beej tak ki kadi
Talaab ki machhliyaan aur zameen ke beej

Teen tarah ki kriyaayein

Activity 12.4 kriyaaon ko teen tarah mein baantti hai: jeevit aur nirjeev hisson ke beech (kenchue nam mitti mein rehte hain), do nirjeev hisson ke beech (dhoop taapmaan badhaati aur vaashpikaran tez karti hai), aur jeevon ke beech (mendhak keede khaata hai, aur mendhak aur machhliyaan larva ke liye hod karte hain). Jeevon ko bhojan banaane ke liye dhoop, carbon dioxide aur paani, poshak tatvon ke liye mitti aur oxygen ke liye hawa chahiye; badle mein paudhe oxygen chhodte hain, jadein kataav rokti hain aur paudhe mitti nam aur hawa thandi rakhte hain.

Aavaas mein teen tarah ki kriyaayein, talaab ke paas ki misaalon ke saath
Aavaas mein teen tarah ki kriyaayein

Jaliya ecosystem mein talaab, nadi aur jheel aate hain; sthaliya ecosystem mein jungle, ghaas ke maidaan, khet aur bada bargad, aam ya pilkhan ka ped bhi. Ye aksar mil jaate hain, jaise jungle, ghaas ke maidaan aur khet se behti nadi. Khet insaan ka banaaya ecosystem hai.

Aur padhein: food chain aur decomposers, ecosystem ki raksha, chapter ke notes aur NCERT solutions.

Practice karo

  1. Sangathan ka sabse bada star kaun sa hai?

    1. (a) vyakti
    2. (b) population
    3. (c) samudaay
    4. (d) ecosystem
    Jawab dekho

    Jawab: (d) ecosystem

  2. ‘Dhoop talaab ka vaashpikaran tez karti hai’ kis ke beech kriya hai?

    1. (a) do jaivik ghatak
    2. (b) do ajaivik ghatak
    3. (c) ek jaivik aur ek ajaivik ghatak
    4. (d) do populations
    Jawab dekho

    Jawab: (b) do ajaivik ghatak

  3. Inmein se insaan ka banaaya ecosystem kaun sa hai?

    1. (a) nadi
    2. (b) jungle
    3. (c) khet
    4. (d) ghaas ka maidaan
    Jawab dekho

    Jawab: (c) khet

  4. Machhliyon wale talaab ke paas zyada phool wale paudhe kyon the?

    Jawab dekho

    Jawab: Machhliyaan dragonfly ke larva khaati hain, isliye madhumakkhiyon, makkhiyon aur titliyon ko khaane wali dragonflies kam thi. Zyada pollinators paas ke phoolon tak gaye, aur paudhon mein zyada beej bane.

  5. Do jaanvar ek hi aavaas mein bina takraaye kaise reh sakte hain?

    Jawab dekho

    Jawab: Use alag tarah se istemaal karke: jaise andhere mein shikaar karne wala saanp aur din mein vyast rehne wala chooha ek hi jungle mein rehte hain par alag samay aur haalaat ka saamna karte hain.

Students ke sawal

Population aur samudaay mein kya antar hai?

Population ek aavaas mein ek hi tarah ke jeevon ka samooh hai, jaise talaab ki saari rohu machhliyaan. Samudaay us aavaas ki saari alag-alag populations se milkar banta hai.

Ecosystem ke do mukhya prakaar kaun se hain?

Jaliya ecosystem, jaise talaab, nadi aur jheel, aur sthaliya ecosystem, jaise jungle, ghaas ke maidaan, khet aur ek bada ped bhi. Ecosystem bade ya chhote ho sakte hain aur aksar ek-doosre mein milte hain.

Vanyajeev corridor kyon zaroori hain?

Ye jungle ki patti hain jo jungalon ko jodti hain, taaki haathi jaise jaanvar gaon aur khet mein ghuse bina ek jungle se doosre mein surakshit ja sakein.

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