Lagnever AI English

Food chain, food web aur decomposers

Short mein jawab

Hare paudhe jaise utpaadak apna bhojan khud banaate hain; upbhokta doosre jeevon ko khaate hain; decomposers mare padaarth ko todte hain. Food chain batati hai kaun kise khaata hai, aur har kadam ek poshan star hai, jo utpaadakon se shuru hota hai. Ecosystem ki chains milkar food web banaati hain, aur decomposers poshak tatva mitti mein lautaate hain.

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Utpaadak aur upbhokta

Hare paudhe prakaash sanshleshan se apna bhojan banaate hain, isliye wo utpaadak ya autotroph hain (auto = swayam, troph = bhojan). Baaki sab jeev bhojan ke liye doosron par nirbhar hain: wo upbhokta ya heterotroph hain (hetero = doosra). Sirf paudhe khaane wale upbhokta, jaise hiran aur khargosh, shaakaahaari hain; sirf jaanvar khaane wale, jaise tendua, maansaahaari; aur dono khaane wale, jaise kauve, lomdi aur choohe, sarvaahaari. Jungle ke jaanvar kya khaate hain ye pata karna (Activity 12.5) unhe in samoohon mein baantta hai.

Kaun kya khaata hai: utpaadak, shaakaahaari, maansaahaari, sarvaahaari aur ek decomposer
Kaun kya khaata hai?

Food chain

Ghaas ke maidaan mein ghaas ko khargosh khaata hai, aur khargosh ko tendua. Kaun kise khaata hai, ka aisa kram food chain hai. Usi maidaan ki ek aur chain hai ghaas → tiddaa → mendhak → saanp → cheel. Food chain mein har jagah ek poshan star hai: utpaadak pehle star par, shaakaahaari doosre par, mendhak jaise chhote maansaahaari teesre par, aur baagh ya giddh jaise bade maansaahaari unke upar.

Food chain aur uske poshan star: ghaas, tiddaa, mendhak, saanp aur cheel
Food chain aur poshan star

Sankhya ka piramid

Activity 12.7 baajre ke khet ki tasveer mein jeev ginti hai: lagbhag 50 baajre ke paudhe, lagbhag 15 choohe, aur ped par ek cheel. Sabse badi sankhya neeche rakhkar sankhyaayein jamaane par piramid banta hai. Har poshan star apne neeche wale star se kam jeevon ko sahaara deta hai. Piramid upar patla kyon hota hai? Har jaanvar ko zinda rehne ke liye neeche ke star ke kai jeev khaane padte hain, isliye ek khet bahut choohon ka pet bhar sakta hai par kuch hi cheelon ka.

Fasal ka khet sankhya ke piramid ke roop mein: baajra, choohe aur cheel
Fasal ka khet sankhya ke piramid ke roop mein

Food web

Zyaadatar jeev ek se zyada cheez khaate hain aur ek se zyada shikaariyon ka bhojan bante hain. Book ke food web mein ghaas khargosh, choohon aur tiddon ko khilaati hai; akele choohe ko lomdi, ullu, baaz aur saanp khaate hain. Chhoote teer jodne par (Activity 12.8) alag-alag food chains saaf taur par ek jaal, food web, mein jud jaati hain. Jaal ek akeli chain se zyada mazboot hai: ek bhojan kam pade to kai jaanvar doosre bhojan par ja sakte hain.

Food web: book ke teer aur Activity 12.8 mein jode gaye teer
Food web

Decomposers: prakriti ke recycler

Jeev badhte hain, apne jeevan ke kaam karte hain aur marte hain, peechhe chhodte hain mare shareer, gire patte, mal aur bacha khaana. Barsaat mein mare lakdi par ugte mushroom fungi hain jo is mare padaarth par jeete hain. Fungi aur bacteria mare paudhon aur jaanvaron ke avsheshon ko saral padaarthon mein badal dete hain, jabki bhaunre aur makkhiyaan haathi ke gobar jaise mal ko todti hain. Ye apghatan (decomposition) hai, aur ise karne wale jeev decomposers ya saprotrophs hain (sapro = sada hua).

Kuch bhi bekaar nahi: paudhe, jaanvar, mara padaarth aur decomposers ek chakra mein
Kuch bhi bekaar nahi: decomposers

Apghatan poshak tatva mitti mein lautaata hai, jahaan paudhe unhe phir lete hain. To kya prakriti kuch bekaar karti hai? Nahi: prakriti mein sab dobara kaam aata hai.

Har kadi kyon mayne rakhti hai

Chains judi hain, isliye ek star ka badlaav failta hai. Agar ghaas → tiddaa → mendhak → saanp se mendhak gaayab ho jaayein, to tidde badh jaate hain aur saanp bhookhe rehte hain. Agar decomposers gaayab ho jaayein, to mara padaarth jama hota jaata aur mitti dheere-dheere poshak tatva kho deti, jisse wo utpaadak bhookhe rehte jin par har chain tiki hai.

Aur padhein: ecosystem kya hai?, ecosystem ki raksha, chapter ke notes aur NCERT solutions.

Practice karo

  1. Inmein se utpaadak kaun hai?

    1. (a) hiran
    2. (b) mushroom
    3. (c) ped
    4. (d) giddh
    Jawab dekho

    Jawab: (c) ped

  2. Choohe, keede aur phal khaane wali lomdi hai:

    1. (a) shaakaahaari
    2. (b) maansaahaari
    3. (c) sarvaahaari
    4. (d) utpaadak
    Jawab dekho

    Jawab: (c) sarvaahaari

  3. Fasal ke khet mein sabse kam sankhya kis jeev ki hai?

    1. (a) baajra
    2. (b) chooha
    3. (c) cheel
    4. (d) ghaas
    Jawab dekho

    Jawab: (c) cheel

  4. Ghaas ke maidaan ki paanch jeevon wali ek food chain bataaiye.

    Jawab dekho

    Jawab: Ghaas → tiddaa → mendhak → saanp → cheel.

  5. Ecosystem ki food chains jaal mein kyon jud jaati hain?

    Jawab dekho

    Jawab: Kyonki zyaadatar jeev ek se zyada tarah ke jeev khaate hain aur ek se zyada shikaariyon ka bhojan bante hain. Jaise chooha ghaas khaata hai aur use lomdi, ullu, baaz aur saanp khaate hain, isliye kai chains ek-doosre ko kaatti hain.

Students ke sawal

Poshan star kya hai?

Food chain mein kisi jeev ki jagah. Hare paudhe jaise utpaadak pehle star par, shaakaahaari doosre par, mendhak jaise chhote maansaahaari teesre par, aur baagh ya giddh jaise bade maansaahaari usse upar hote hain.

Food web kya hai?

Wo jaal jo ecosystem ki food chains ke aapas mein judne se banta hai, kyonki har jeev ko do ya zyada tarah ke jeev kha sakte hain.

Decomposers kya karte hain?

Fungi aur bacteria jaise decomposers, yaani saprotrophs, mare paudhon, jaanvaron aur mal ko saral padaarthon mein badal dete hain, isliye unke poshak tatva mitti mein lautkar paudhon ke phir kaam aate hain.

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