Class 8 Science Chapter 7: Particulate Nature of Matter (Hinglish Notes)
Ye chapter 5 lines mein
Particulate Nature of Matter batata hai ki har padaarth bahut chhote constituent kanon se bana hai, jinke beech jagah hoti hai aur jinhe aakarshan jode rakhta hai. Solid mein aakarshan sabse zyaada hota hai aur kan sirf kaanpte hain; liquid mein thoda kam, aur kan seemit jagah mein chalte hain; gas mein lagbhag nahi, aur kan aazaadi se ghoomte hain. Garmi kanon ki gati badhaati hai aur avastha badal sakti hai.
Ye chapter kis baare mein hai?
Chapter kuch paheliyon se shuru hota hai. Hum pathar ya ret ka dher laga sakte hain, par paani ka kyun nahi? Paani judi hatheliyon ka aakaar kyun le leta hai, aur chhodne par wo aakaar kyun kho deta hai? Na dikhne waali hawa gubbaare ko bhaari kaise banaati hai? Phir ye nadi ke kinaare ko dekhta hai: nadiyan chattaanon ko peeskar kankad, ret aur mitti bana deti hain. Kya ret ka ek daana aur toda ja sakta hai? Iska jawaab is vichaar tak le jaata hai ki har padaarth kanon se bana hai.
Padaarth kanon se bana hai
Chalk ki stick todkar peesne par baarik powder milta hai, par har kan ab bhi chalk hi hai. Agar hum peeste hi rahein, to aisi ikaaiyon tak pahunchenge jo aur nahi toot sakti: chalk ke constituent kan. Paani mein ghuli cheeni gaayab lagti hai, par paani meetha ho jaata hai, kyunki cheeni aise kanon mein toot gayi jo paani ke kanon ke beech ki jagah, yaani interparticle spaces, mein fail gaye. Ye kan itne chhote hain ki saadhaaran microscope se bhi nahi dikhte. Padho padaarth kis cheez se bana hai?
Padaarth ki avastha kya tay karta hai?
Kanon ko interparticle aakarshan jode rakhta hai. Iski taakat padaarth par aur kanon ki doori par nirbhar hai, aur kanon ke door hote hi ye tezi se ghatta hai. Solid mein kan paas paas jude hain aur sirf apni jagah kaanpte hain; liquid mein thoda door hain aur seemit jagah mein ek doosre ke paas se khisakte hain; gas mein bahut door hain aur aazaadi se ghoomte hain. Padho padaarth ki avasthaayein.
Melting, boiling aur evaporation
Garmi kanon ko zyaada urja deti hai. Solid ke kan zor se kaanpte hain aur melting point par apni jagah chhod dete hain, aur solid liquid ban jaata hai: barf 0 °C par, urea 133 °C par aur loha 1538 °C par pighalta hai. Boiling point par liquid ke kan itni tezi se nikalte hain ki poore liquid mein bulbulon ke roop mein vaashp banta hai. Usse neeche bhi evaporation se kan dheere dheere satah se nikalte rehte hain.
Jagah aur gati
Syringe mein hawa dabaakar kam jagah mein laayi ja sakti hai, par paani lagbhag nahi, kyunki gas ke kanon ke beech badi jagah hoti hai. Cheeni ghulne par paani ka star thoda ghatta hai, kyunki uske kan paani ke kanon ke beech fit ho jaate hain. Kan hamesha chalte rehte hain: potassium permanganate ka ek daana paani ko gulaabi kar deta hai, garam paani mein sabse tez, aur agarbatti ki khushboo poore kamre mein fail jaati hai. Padho kanon ke beech doori aur gati.
Aage badhne se pehle
Padaarth bahut chhote kanon se bana hai jinhe aakarshan jode rakhta hai, jo solid mein sabse tagda, liquid mein thoda kam aur gas mein lagbhag nahi hota. Isiliye solid aakaar aur aayatan dono rakhta hai, liquid sirf aayatan, aur gas kuch bhi nahi. Garmi tay karti hai ki kan kitna chalein, aur isse avastha tay hoti hai. Har sawaal ke jawaab Chapter 7 ke NCERT solutions mein hain.
Key terms (zaroori shabd)
| Term | Matlab |
|---|---|
| Padaarth (matter) | Har wo cheez jiska dravyamaan ho aur jo jagah ghere; har padaarth bahut chhote kanon se bana hai. |
| Constituent kan | Kisi padaarth ki buniyaadi ikaai, itni chhoti ki saadhaaran microscope se bhi na dikhe. |
| Interparticle spaces | Padaarth ke kanon ke beech ki khaali jagah; isme kuch nahi hota, hawa bhi nahi. |
| Interparticle aakarshan | Wo bal jo kanon ko jode rakhta hai; kanon ke door hone par ye tezi se kamzor hota hai aur padaarth ki avastha tay karta hai. |
| Melting point | Wo sabse kam taapmaan jis par vaayumandaliya daab par solid pighal kar liquid banta hai; barf 0 °C par pighalti hai. |
| Boiling point | Wo taapmaan jis par vaayumandaliya daab par liquid ubal kar vaashp banta hai, aur uske andar bulbule bante hain. |
| Evaporation | Boiling point se neeche kisi bhi taapmaan par, sirf satah se, liquid ka dheere dheere vaashp banna. |
| Fluids | Liquid aur gas, jo dono behte hain aur apne bartan ka aakaar le lete hain. |
| Compressible | Jise dabaakar kam jagah mein laaya ja sake; gas aisi hoti hai, jabki liquid lagbhag nahi dabta. |
| Parmanu | Acharya Kanad ka shabd un chhote, avibhaajya, shaashvat kanon ke liye jinse unke anusaar saara padaarth bana hai. |
| Atom aur molecule | Padaarth ke chhote kan; kuch tatvon ke atom milkar molecule banaate hain, jaise do hydrogen atom milkar ek hydrogen molecule. |
Is chapter ke topics
Practice karo
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Kis avastha ka aakaar aur aayatan dono tay hote hain?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (a) Solid
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Kis avastha mein interparticle aakarshan lagbhag nahi hota?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) Gas
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Lohe ka melting point kitna hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) 1538 °C
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Parmanu ki baat sabse pehle kisne ki?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Acharya Kanad
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Potassium permanganate sabse tez kisme failta hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) Garam paani mein
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Liquid aur gas ko milaakar kya kehte hain?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) Fluids
Students ke sawal
Class 8 Science Chapter 7 ke mukhya topic kya hain?
Padaarth chhote constituent kanon se bana hai jinke beech jagah hoti hai; kanon ko jodne waale bal; solid, liquid aur gas mein kanon ki banaavat aur gati; melting, boiling aur evaporation; kanon ke beech ki jagah se dabaana aur ghulna kaise samajh aata hai; kan kaise failte hain; aur Acharya Kanad ka parmanu ka vichaar.
Kya Particulate Nature of Matter naye NCERT Class 8 Science book mein hai?
Haan. Ye Class 8 Science textbook Curiosity (Reprint 2026-27) ka Chapter 7 hai, pages 98 se 115 tak.
Solid ka aakaar tay kyun hota hai par liquid ka nahi?
Solid mein tagda aakarshan kanon ko tay jagah par rakhta hai, isliye ve sirf kaanpte hain aur solid apna aakaar banaaye rakhta hai. Liquid mein aakarshan thoda kam hai, isliye kan seemit jagah mein ek doosre ke paas se khisak sakte hain, aur liquid apna aayatan rakhte hue bartan ka aakaar le leta hai.
Boiling aur evaporation mein kya farq hai?
Boiling ek tay taapmaan, boiling point, par hoti hai aur vaashp poore liquid mein tezi se, bulbulon ke roop mein, banta hai. Evaporation boiling point se neeche kisi bhi taapmaan par, dheere aur sirf satah se hota hai; isiliye gira hua paani sookh jaata hai.
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