Insaani kaam paryavaran ki samasyaayein kaise paida karte hain
Short mein jawab
Climate change badhaana, jangal kaatna, paani ganda karna aur saste saamaan phenkna jaise insaani kaam nuksaan kar rahe hain: coral reefs safed pad rahe hain, Amazon sikud raha hai, pighalta permafrost gases chhod raha hai aur Atacama mein kapdon ke dher lag rahe hain. Prithvi judi hui hai, isliye sthaaniya nuksaan duniya ki samasya banta hai.
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Teesra Big Question
Chapter poochhta hai: insaani kaam paryavaran ki samasyaayein kaise paida karte hain? Iska world tour lagbhag har padaav se misaal dekar jawab deta hai. Pahaad, mahaasaagar, jangal aur registaan hamein paani, khaana, oxygen aur sthir climate dete hain, par jab log inka istemaal kudrat ke sudhaarne ki raftaar se tez karte hain, to santulan toot jaata hai.
Khatre mein coral reefs
Coral reefs samudra ki lagbhag chauthaai prajaatiyon ko khaana aur ghar dete hain, isliye inhe samudra ke rainforests kehte hain. Climate change, pradooshan aur zyada machhli pakadna inke aas-paas ke paani ki rasaayanik banaavat badal rahe hain. Pareshaan corals apna rang kho dete hain, yaani bleach ho jaate hain, aur kai mar jaate hain, jisse machhli, kekde, kachhue aur sponges beghar ho jaate hain. 2,000 km se lamba UNESCO World Heritage Site, Great Barrier Reef, bhi in khatron ka saamna kar raha hai, isliye uski raksha zaroori hai.
Jangal aur ghaas ke maidaan
Andes ki nadiyon se paani paane wala Amazon Rainforest Lungs of the Earth kehlaata hai, kyunki iske ped carbon dioxide lete hain aur oxygen dete hain. Lagbhag 400 indigenous samudaay ismein rehte hain aur iski raksha mein madad karte hain. Par is ilaake ke deshon ko kheton, sadakon aur shehron ke liye zameen bhi chahiye, aur jangal katne aur climate change se jangal sikud raha hai. Africa mein kheti, pedon ki katai aur climate change savannah ke un ghaas ke maidaanon ko khatre mein daal rahe hain jahan haathi, sher aur zebra rehte hain, aur Andes mein asli paudhon aur jaanvaron ka sirf lagbhag chauthaai hissa bacha hai.
Jami zameen, sookhi zameen aur ganda paani
Arctic ke paas bina pedon ke tundra ki mitti, yaani permafrost, jami rehti hai aur ek bade freezer ki tarah carbon dioxide aur methane band rakhti hai. Global warming ise pighalaati hai, gases nikalti hain, aur Prithvi aur garam hoti hai. Tibetan Plateau par pighalti barf se jheelein bad rahi hain aur nayi ban rahi hain. Chile ke Atacama Desert mein saste fast fashion ne phenke hue kapdon ke bade dher bana diye hain, aur North America ki Great Lakes kheton ke bahaav aur factories ke kachre se gandi ho rahi hain.
Nuksaan ki bharpaai
Jab log samajh lete hain ki koi ecosystem kaise chalta hai, to nuksaan palta bhi ja sakta hai. Rocky Mountains ke Yellowstone National Park mein bahut saare elk paudhe kha rahe the. 1995 mein bhediye waapas laaye gaye; unhone elk ka shikaar kiya, paudhe laut aaye, aur ecosystem ka santulan waapas aa gaya. Kudrat khud bhi madad karti hai: Eurasian Steppes carbon sink ki tarah kaam karte hain aur carbon ko zameen ke neeche jama rakhte hain. Aisi jagahon ki, aur unki dekhbhaal karne wale logon ki, raksha bhi jawab ka hissa hai.
Ye sabki samasya kyon hai
Prithvi ki cheezein judi hui hain. Sahara se udi dhool phosphorus le jaakar Amazon ke paudhon ko khaad deti hai, aur dakshini Hind Mahaasaagar Bharat ke monsoon ko aakaar deta hai. Isi tarah ek desh mein kate jangal ya door ke tundra se nikli gases sabke liye climate badal deti hain. Isiliye chapter kehta hai ki world geography padhna Prithvi ko samajhdaari se sambhaalne mein madad karta hai. Chhote faisle bhi maayne rakhte hain: kam istemaal, kam barbaadi, aur apne aas-paas ke jangalon, nadiyon aur jheelon ki dekhbhaal se hum sab Prithvi ka santulan bachaane mein madad kar sakte hain. Dekho Chapter 1 ke notes, mahaadweep aur mahaasaagar aur NCERT solutions, jismein paryavaran ki samasyaaon par Question 9 bhi hai.
Practice karo
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Coral bleaching ki mukhya wajah kya hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (a) insaani kaamon se badla hua samudri paani
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Permafrost kya hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (b) jami hui mitti
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1995 mein Yellowstone National Park ka santulan kise waapas laakar lautaya gaya?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: (c) bhediye
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Fast fashion Atacama Desert ko kaise nuksaan pahunchata hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Saste, trendy kapde fashion badalte hi phenk diye jaate hain. In bekaar kapdon ke pahaad Atacama mein phenke jaate hain, jo ab duniya ke sabse tezi se badhte kapdon ke dheron mein hai; UN ise emergency kehta hai.
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Permafrost ka pighalna poori duniya ki samasya kyon hai?
Jawab dekho
Jawab: Jami hui tundra mitti carbon dioxide aur methane band rakhti hai. Garmi se wo pighalti hai to ye greenhouse gases hawa mein nikal kar global warming badhaati hain, jisse aur permafrost pighalta hai; ye chakra har jagah climate change ko tez karta hai.
Students ke sawal
Insaani kaam paryavaran ki samasyaayein kaise paida karte hain?
Log kudrati vyavasthaaon ko unke theek hone se tez badal dete hain: zameen ke liye jangal kaatte hain, samudra se zyada machhli nikaalte hain, kheton aur factories se nadiyon aur jheelon ko ganda karte hain, kachra phenkte hain, aur greenhouse gases climate garam karti hain. Natija hai coral bleaching, prajaatiyon ka khatm hona, registaan ka failna, pighalta permafrost aur ganda paani.
Amazon ko Lungs of the Earth kyon kehte hain?
Amazon duniya ka sabse bada rainforest hai. Iske ped photosynthesis se bahut saari carbon dioxide lete hain aur oxygen chhodte hain, isliye ye poori Prithvi ki hawa aur climate par asar daalta hai. Ise kaatne se ye bhoomika kamzor hoti hai.
Coral reefs aur rainforests jaisi jagahon ko kaise bachaayein?
Pradooshan aur climate change ki wajahein kam karo, machhli pakadne aur pedon ki katai par seema lagao, zaroori ilaakon ko park ya heritage site banaakar bachaao, zameen ki dekhbhaal karne wale indigenous samudaayon ka saath do, aur bigde ilaakon ko sudhaaro, jaise bhediyon ne Yellowstone ko sudhaara.
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